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Ethnology
Ethnology The scientific study of the origin and functioning of human cultures. It is usually considered one of the major branches of cultural anthropology, the other two being anthropological archaeology and anthropological linguistics. In the 19th cent. ethnology was historically oriented and offered explanations for extant cultures, languages, and races in terms of diffusion, migration, and other historical processes. In the 20th cent. ethnology has focused on the comparative study of past and contemporary cultures. Since cultural phenomena can seldom be studied under conditions of experiment or control, comparative data from the total range of human behavior helps the ethnologist to avoid those assumptions about human nature that may be implicit in the dictates of any single culture. See R. H. Lowie, The History of Ethnological Theory (1938); E. A. Hoebel,Man in the Primitive World (1949, 2d ed. 1958); Margaret Mead, People and Places (1959); Barton Schwartz, Culture and Society (1968); Clifford Geertz, The Interpretation of Culture (1973); Elvin Hatch, Theories of Man and Culture (1973).

General Ethnology

First Nations Histories
http://dickshovel.netgate.net/Compacts.html

Geographic Overview of First Nations Histories
http://www.netgate.net/~jsd/Compacts.html

The Americas to 1500
http://ericir.syr.edu/Virtual/Lessons/crossroads/sec2/essay01.html

American Historical Images On File: The Native American Experience
http://www.csulb.edu/gc/libarts/am-indian/nae/

The Curtis Collection
http://www.curtis-collection.com/

Indians of North America: Theodore De Bry Copper Plate Engravings
http://www.csulb.edu/gc/libarts/am-indian/woodcuts/

Art of the American Indian Frontier: A Portfolio
http://glrain.cic.net/diapages.htm

Gallery of the Open Frontier: Native Americans
http://www.unl.edu/UP/gof/sp-ind.htm

Relations with Government and non-Natives

Contact: Europe and America Meet, 1492-1620
http://ericir.syr.edu/Virtual/Lessons/crossroads/sec2/essay02.html

Aboriginal Law and Legislation
http://www.bloorstreet.com/300block/ablawleg.htm

Kappler's Indian Affairs: Law's and Treaties
http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/

Essays on Native American Life and Relations With Non-Natives 1600-1850
http://www.nativeweb.org/NativeTech/essays/index.html

European Contact and Indian Depopulation in the Northeast: The Timing of the
First Epidemics
gopher://marauder.millersv.edu:70/00/otherMU/columbus/data/ant/SNOWLAN1.ANT

Algonquin History
http://www.dickshovel.com/alg.html

Indians and the American Revolution
http://www.americanrevolution.org/ind1.html

In the Beginning Was the Word: The Russian Church and Native Alaskan
Cultures
http://lcweb.loc.gov/exhibits/russian/russch0.html

Economic Activity

Crossroads of Continents
http://nmnhwww.si.edu/arctic/features/croads/

Social Relations

Iroquois Women: Status and Role
http://maple.lemoyne.edu/~gidneyhc/index.html

Languages

Native American Languages
http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/NALanguages.html

Windham County Algonquian Placenames as Locational Markers in Subsistence
Rounds
http://spirit.lib.uconn.edu/ArchNet/Topical/Ethno/places/places.htm

Valence and Affix Ordering in Inupiatun
http://www.sil.org/silewp/1997/002/silewp1997-002.html

Religion and Ritual

Native American Spirituality
http://web.canlink.com/ocrt/nataspir.htm

Rituals of the Native Americans
http://138.202.168.1/ethics/group9/NativeA.html

Pow Wow Dancing
http://www.scsn.net/users/pgowder/dancing.htm

The Wandjina - Bringers of the Rain
http://www.wa.gov.au/muswa/soc_cult/anthrop/wandjina.htm

Traditions, Myths and Legends

Creation Stories and Myths
http://www.xs4all.nl/~swanson/origins/cstorymenu.html

Tales of Traditional Wisdom
http://www.reedbooks.com.au/heinemann/global/mythstor.html

Native American Creation Cycles
http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/NACreationCycles.html

Indigenous Peoples' Literature: Stories/Fables/Legends
http://www.indians.org/welker/stories.htm

Native American Lore
http://www.ilhawaii.net/~stony/loreindx.html

Aadizookaanag, Dibaajimowin: Traditional and True Native American Stories
http://indy4.fdl.cc.mn.us/~isk/stories/stories.html

Indian Lore Galore (the Onondaga)
http://scholastic.com/public/Indian/ILore.html

Myths and Legends of the Sioux
http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/cgibin/toccer?id=MclMyth&tag=public&images=images/modeng&data=/lv1/Archive/eng-parsed&part=0

Lakota/Dakota/Nakota (Sioux) Literature
http://www.indians.org/welker/sioux.htm

Iroquois Literature
http://www.indians.org/welker/iroquois.htm

Abenaki Literature
http://www.indians.org/welker/abnaki.htm

Blackfoot/Piegan Literature
http://www.indians.org/welker/blacfeet.htm

Aleut Literature
http://www.indians.org/welker/aleut.htm

Against the Winds: American Indian Running Traditions
http://www.peabody.harvard.edu/mcnh_running/default.html

Hn Mythology
http://www.yukonweb.wis.net/tourism/goldfields/hanmyth.html

Stories of the Dreaming
http://www.dreamtime.net.au/

Science and Knowledge

Indigenous Knowledge Systems
http://www.uaf.alaska.edu/ankn/IKS.html

Using the Berry Plants for Nutrition and Medicine
http://www.indians.org/welker/berry.htm

Recreation

NativeTech: Games and Toys
http://www.nativeweb.org/NativeTech/games/

Running in the Past: Games
http://www.peabody.harvard.edu/mcnh_running/games.html

Native American Lacrosse Resources and History on the Web
http://www.e-lacrosse.com/na.htm

Lacrosse: An Iroquois Tradition
http://one-web.org/oneida/lacrosse.html

Technology and Material Culture

Native Americans and the Environment
http://conbio.rice.edu/nae/

Buffalo, the Life and Spirit of the American Indians
http://www.ilhawaii.net/~stony/buffalo.html

Bison Roundup
http://ericir.syr.edu/Projects/Newton/11/bison.html

Native American Homes
http://www.iserv.net/~educate/NativeAmerican.html

Hair Pipes in Plains Indian Adornment: A Study in Indian and White Ingenuity
http://www.sil.si.edu/BAE/bulletin164/tptoc.htm

Woven Wampum Bead Work
http://www.nativeweb.org/NativeTech/wampum/wamphist.htm

Tree and Tradition: Brown Ash & Maine Native American Basketmaking
http://www.ume.maine.edu/~hudsonm/TemporaryExhibit.html

Trophies of Honor: Art Chronicles of Indigenous Peoples
http://www.msstate.edu/Fineart_Online/Gallery/Trophies/troph1.htm

The Native American Fine Art Movement: A Resource Guide
http://hanksville.phast.umass.edu/defs/independent/Heard/rsrc/rsrctoc.htm

Gifts of the Spirit: Masterworks by 19th-Century and Contemporary Native
American Artists
http://www.pem.org/exhibits/spirit/default.htm

Native American Arts In Washington, 1889-1989
http://www.kcts.org/Columbia/native.htm

Monuments in Cedar: Totem Poles of the Northwest Coast at The Legacy Ltd.
http://artresources.com/features/articles/mlc.1.html-ssi

Sea Kayaking History
http://www.ool.com/misc.files/boats.pad.five.html

Particular Groups and Communities

Americas

Lewis and Clark Expedition 95
http://www.uky.edu/ArtsSciences/ModernStudies/HumSocSci/lc95/Welcome.html

Northwest Imagery: The Photography of Edward and Asahel Curtis
http://www.kcts.org/Curtis/exhibitm.htm

Special Collections in the Library of Congress: Edward S. Curtis Collection.
Photographs of North American Indians by Edward S. Curtis, early twentieth
century
http://lcweb.loc.gov/spcoll/055.html

A Guide to the Great Sioux Nation
http://www.state.sd.us/state/executive/tourism/sioux/sioux.htm

Lakota Wowapi Oti Kin: Lakota Information Home Page
http://web.lemoyne.edu/~bucko/lakota.html

Cherokee History
http://www.netgate.net/~jsd/Cherokee1.html

Prairie Band Powatomi
http://www.public.iastate.edu/~jsmckinn/prairie_pot.html

Inupiat of Arctic Alaska
http://borealis.lib.uconn.edu/ArcticCircle/HistoryCulture/Inupiat/

Journey Through Time: A Photographic trip through time of the Nunamiut of
Anaktuvuk Pass, Alaska
http://www.nsbsd.k12.ak.us/villages/akp/jttime/jttime.htm

The Nunamiut Eskimo
http://www.mc.maricopa.edu/academic/cult%5Fsci/anthro/Eskimos.html

Crossroads of Continents
http://nmnhwww.si.edu/arctic/features/croads/

Australasia

New Zealand: Maori Renaissance
http://www.webstories.co.nz/nzbike/green.html

Crossroads of Continents
http://nmnhwww.si.edu/arctic/features/croads/

Aboriginal Perspectives Kit
http://www.mov.vic.gov.au/perspectives/index.html

Europe

The Smi of Far Northern Europe
http://borealis.lib.uconn.edu/ArcticCircle/HistoryCulture/samiindex.html

An introduction to the Sami people
http://www.itv.se/boreale/samieng.htm

Biography

Great Chiefs and Leaders
http://www.indians.org/welker/leaders.htm

Marginal Man: Tracing Five Generations of a Blackfoot Family (1850-Present)
http://www.indians.org/welker/margman.htm

Oskanondonha's Pipe: The Life and Cultural Patrimony of a Great Oneida
Leader
http://one-web.org/oneida/pipeindex.html

History of Sitting Bull
http://collections.ic.gc.ca/beaupre/promme924.htm
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