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19th Century: Seventh Decade

Gallery
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US Mail Boat
Leila T. Bauman's
U.S. Mail Boat,
1860


Single lens reflex
camera, England

1861

Nadar Elevates Photography
Honoré Daumier's
lithograph, 1862:
Nadar Elevating
Photography to a
High Art


Germany's Philip Reis
invented a telephone, but was
not taken seriously, 1863

1860-1869
1860: Dickens' Great Expectations.
1860: Buckram, cloth stiffened with glue, is used for book covers.
1860: 260 magazines are published in the United States.
1860: "Dime novels," printed on cheap, rough paper, sell well.
1860: New York Herald creates the first "morgue" of newspaper clippings.
1860: Frenchman Rene Dagron invents "microfilm" technique using glass plates.
1860: Eliot's The Mill on the Floss.
1860: The first aerial photographs are taken from a balloon over Paris.
 
 
1861: Aerial balloonist sends telegraph message.
1861: The first American Ph.D. is awarded by Yale University.
1861: Charles Reade's picaresque novel, The Cloister and the Hearth.
1861: Heliostat message, using sun and a mirror, sent 90 miles at Lake Superior.
1861: Telegraph brings Pony Express to an abrupt end.
1861: Kinematoscope by U.S. inventor Coleman Sellers, is a crude movie projector.
1861: George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans) publishes her best loved novel, Silas Marner.
1861: First chemical means to color photography.
1861: Mathew Brady and others begin to photograph the American Civil War.
 
 
1862: Verdi stages his opera La Forza del Destino.
1862: In Italy, Caselli sends a drawing over a wire.
1862: Ivan Turgenev's nihilist novel, Fathers and Sons.
1862: In the U.S., paper money.
1862: Jean-Auguste Ingres paints The Turkish Bath.
1862: The first of philosopher Herbert Spencer's 10 volumes of Principles.
1862: Victor Hugo's Les Misérables.
 
 
1863: Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address, arguably history's greatest speech.
1863: William Bullock invents the rotary web-fed letterpress.
1863: Typotelegraph sends fax messages between London and Liverpool.
1863: Edward Everett Hale, The Man Without a Country.
1863: Early phonograph: a machine that records what a piano plays.
1863: Painter Edouard Manet shocks with nude Luncheon on the Grass.
1863: Large U.S. cities get free home delivery of mail.
1863: Uniform postal rates in U.S., regardless of distance.
1863: German inventor J.P. Reis demonstrates an electric telephone.
1863: First international postal conference held in Paris.
 
 
1864: "Railway post office" sorts mail on trains.
1864: Dickens' Our Mutual Friend.
1864: James Clerk Maxwell publishes theory that leads to radio wave discovery.
1864: Postal money orders sold in U.S; $1.3 million in 6 months. Limited to U.S.
1864: Jules Verne's Journey to the Centre of the Earth.
 
 
1865: Experimental photograph is developed inside a camera.
1865: "Lewis Carroll" publishes Alice's Adventures in Wonderland.
1865: Mark Twain gets fame with "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County."
1865: In Paris, the International Telegraph Union is founded.
1865: Botanist Gregor Mendel writing on heredity begins science of genetics.
1865: After adult novels mailed to Civil War troops, Congress votes obscenity law.
1865: Most U.S. states have laws guaranteeing tax-based public education.
1865: Paris and Berlin build networks of pneumatic tube telegram delivery.
1865: Pantelegraph transmits faxes commercially between Paris and Lyon.
1865: Louis Pasteur publishes his theory that germs spread disease.
1865: West Virginian Mahlon Loomis manages a kind of wireless communication.
1865: Web offset press prints both side of a continuous roll of paper at once.
 
 
1866: Western Union dominates U.S. wires.
1866: Photos of Yosemite Valley will help pass laws to protect U.S. scenic places.
1866: In Prague,The Bartered Bride, an opera by Bedrich Smetana, is staged.
1866: Atlantic cable ties Europe and U.S. for instant communication.
1866: Prussia uses telegraph to coordinate its armies in war against Austria.
1866: Fyodor Dostoevsky's Crime and Punishment.
 
 
1867: Christopher Sholes of Wisconsin builds a Type-Writer.
1867: Karl Marx publishes Das Kapital.
1867: Johann Strauss' waltz, "The Blue Danube."
1867: The West sees Japanese art at the Paris Exposition.
1867: Double-column advertising in newspapers.
1867: Charles Gound's opera, Romeo and Juliet.
1867: Louisa May Alcott's novel, Little Women.
1867: Henrik Ibsen's drama, Peer Gynt.
1867: Wagner's opera, Die Meistersinger von N�rnberg.
1867: The first Japanese magazine, Seiyo Zasshi (The Western Magazine).
 
 
1868: A communication necessity: the stapler.
1868: Dostoevsky's The Idiot.
1868: U.S. government for the first time tries to define obscenity.
1868: Start of Allyn & Bacon, book publishers.
1868: Edward Grieg's Piano Concerto in A Minor.
1868: Brahms' A German Requiem.
1868: Thomas Edison patents a vote recorder.
1868: Tchaikovsky's 1st Symphony is well received. He is 28.
 
 
1869: From France, color photography, using the subtractive method.
1869: The American Women's Home best-selling book of household advice.
1869: John Stuart Mill and Harriet Taylor, On the Subjection of Women.
1869: "Cardiff Giant" hoax inspires comment, "There's a sucker born every minute."
1869: The People's Literary Companion, the first mail-order periodical.
1869: American Newspaper Directory estimates newspaper circulation.
1869: Leo Tolstoy's War and Peace is published.
1869: Horatio Alger begins publishing rags-to-riches novels.
1869: Matthew Arnold's Culture and Anarchy labels him "the apostle of culture."
1869: From Austria, postcards.
1869: Edison patents stock ticker and printing telegraph.
1869: Mark Twain, The Innocents Abroad.
1869: James Russell Lowell, The Cathedral.
1869: John Hyatt's invention of celluloid will lead to phonograph records, telephones.
 


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Copyright © Irving Fang and Kristina Ross, 1995-1996. All rights reserved.