Auxiliary Cruiser YANKEE

By Patrick McSherry

Click here to read an account of the YANKEE in action

Click here for the log of the YANKEE
Click here to read about William Edgar White, USMC and life aboard the YANKEEe
Click here for a roster of the YANKEE's U.S. Marine Contingent
GENERAL:

The Auxiliary Cruiser YANKEE, manned mainly by men of the New York Naval Militia, saw action during the Spanish American War

BACKGROUND:

The YANKEE began its career as the Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock company in 1892, and was soon plying the waters as a liner for the  Southern Pacific Company as the EL NORTE.  With the approach of the Spanish American War,  the U.S. Government provided $50 million  for the build up of the U.S. military. The Navy invested much of its share of the funds in new ships. Some of those funds went to purchase the EL NORTE for use as an auxiliary cruiser on April 6, 1898.  Scarcely over a week later, on April 14, 1898 the renamed vessel was commissioned into the U.S. Navy as the Auxiliary Cruiser YANKEE, under the command of Commander William H. Brownson.

YANKEE was soon fitted out with a battery of guns that included (10) 5-inch guns, (6) 6 pounders and 2 Colt machine guns. On April 14, 1898, Yankee was commissioned at New York, as an auxiliary cruiser. The outbreak of hostilities found  YANKEE plying the waters off  coast of the U.S. between Block Island and Cape Henlopen.  After coaling on May 27, she received orders to join the blockading squadron forming around Cuba following the locating of the Spanish naval squadron under Admiral Cervera. YANKEE arrived off Santiago on June 3 after a brief stop at St. Nicholas Mole, Haiti.

In the early days of June, 1898, YANKEE saw her share of action. On June 6, she was engaged in the duel against the Spanish shore batteries. On June 7, in company  ST. LOUIS and MARBLHEAD, she went on the expedition to cut communication cables in Guantanamo Bay. During this expedition, MARBLHEAD and YANKEE engaged the Spanish gunboats ALVARADO and SANDOVAL and silenced a single muzzleloading gun firing from Fort Caimanera.

On June 8, the vessel was sent to St. Nicholas Mole with dispatches, and  then on June 10 to Port Antonio, Jamaica to deliver more dispatches and to search for the blockade runner PURISSIMA CONCEPCION. On June 13, off Cienfuegos, YANKEE engaged the Spanish gunboats DIEGO VELAZQUEZ and LINCE, putting them both to flight and then fired on the Sanbanilla Battery before returning to blockade duty off Cienfuegos.

YANKEE continued blockading duties off Cienfuegos until late June, when the vessel went to Key West to replenish its coal supplies. From Key West, the vessel was sent to New York to pick up a cargo of ammunition and then to Norfolk for additional ammunition. YANKEE arrived off Guantanamo on July 21. She remained in Guantanamo until August 11, 1898. The ship returned briefly to blockade duty, but an armistice brought an end to hostilities on August 13, 1898. On August 24th, she pointed her bow toward New York. After a trip to League Island, Pennsylvania, the ship returned to New York where her crew of New York Naval Militia were mustered out.

YANKEE was decommissioned on March 16, 1899 and remained at League Island. In May, 1903, the vessel was recommissioned under Commander George P. Colvcoressee, who had been second in command of the CONCORD at the Battle of Manila Bay.  Throughout 1903 and 1904, the vessel was used as a training vessel. In December of 1904, she was sent to Panama to exchange the marine garrison stationed there. In 1905, the vessel served in support of American forces serving in Domincan waters.

In 1906, YANKEE took part in the Presidential naval Review at Oyster Bay, New York. A little over a month later, on September 25, YANKEE was again decommissioned at Portsmouth, New Hampshire and then moved to Boston.

Recommissioned on June 15, 1908, YANKEE again served as a training vessel. However, on September 23, 1908, while on a training excursion YANKEE encountered a dense fog,
compounded by smoke from nearby forest fires, in Buzzards Bay. With obscured visibility, YANKEE ran aground on Spindle Rock near Westport. Grounding at high tide, her bow was lodged in the rocks with her stern partially submerged. The navy attempted to patch her with 1000 bags of cement, but the attempt failed and a salvage contract was awarded to John Arbuckle and W.W. Weatherspoon.

YANKEE was refloated on December 4, but soon sank in Buzzard’s Bay (at latitude 41° - 32' - 30" N; longitude 70° - 52' - 40" W) while under tow to New Bedford. She was struck from the Navy roll son April 17, 1912.

 YANKEE lies in 55 feet of water and in bad condition. She dynamited as a hazard to navigation.
 


TECHNOTES:

Classification: Auxiliary Cruiser
Built: 1892
Commissioned: April 14, 1898
Rig: Schooner
Armament: Ten 5 inch  breechloading guns
Six 6 pounder (57 mm) rapid fire guns 
Two Colt Revolving Guns
Contractor: Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company
Length: 406 feet, 1 1/2 inches
Beam: 48 feet, 4 1/2 inches
Draft: 22 feet
Displacement 6,888 tons
Complement: 15 Officers and 267 Enlisted Men
under the command of Willard Brownson
Engine Type:  Inverted triple expansion engines generating 3,800 hp., 1 screw
Speed: 14.5 knots
Coal endurance ?
Normal coal supply: 1,000 tons
Armor: None
Cost: ??

Bibliography:

Clerk of Joint Committee on Printing, The Abridgement of Message from the President of
the United States to the Two Houses of Congress. Vol. 2 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1899). 1216-1217.

Massachusetts Coastal Zone Management webpage on the YANKEE (http://www.state.ma.us/czm/ua-yank.htm)

Mooney, James L., Ed., Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, Vol. VIII (Washington: Naval Historical Center, 1981) 512-514.


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