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Kickapoo Native North Americans, whose language belongs to the Algonquian branch of the Algonquian-Wakashan linguistic stock and who in the late 17th cent. occupied SW Wisconsin. They were closely related to the Sac and Fox. The culture of the Kickapoo was essentially that of the Eastern Woodlands area, but they also hunted buffalo, one of the few traits that the Kickapoo adopted from their neighbors in the Plains area. After the allied Kickapoo, Ojibwa, Ottawa, Potawatomi, and Sac and Fox tribes massacred (c.1769) the Illinois, they partitioned the Illinois territory. The Kickapoo, numbering about 3,000, moved south to central Illinois. Later they split in two; the Vermilion group settled on the Vermilion River, a tributary of the Wabash, and the Prairie group on the Sangamon River. The Kickapoo, a power in the region, sided with the British in the American Revolution and in the War of 1812, when they aided the Shawnee chief Tecumseh. By the Treaty of Edwardsville (1819) the Kickapoo ceded all their lands in Illinois to the United States. They were prevented from entering Missouri, which had been set aside for them, because that region was occupied by the hostile Osage. Kanakuk, a prophet, exhorted the Kickapoo to remain where they were, promising that if they avoided liquor and infractions of the white man's law, they would inherit a land of plenty. His pleas were futile, and the Kickapoo, after aiding the Sac and Fox in the Black Hawk War, were forced to leave Illinois. The Kickapoo moved first to Missouri and then to Kansas. A large group, dissatisfied with conditions on the reservation, went (c.1852) to Mexico, where they became known as the Mexican Kickapoo. After the U.S. Civil War, the Mexican Kickapoo proved so constant an annoyance to border settlements that the United States made efforts to induce them to return. The negotiations were successful, and a number returned to settle (1873-74) on a reservation in Oklahoma. The remaining Mexican Kickapoo are settled on a reservation in Chihuahua, Mexico. The Kickapoo live on reservations in Kansas and Oklahoma. See R. E. Ritzenthaler, The Mexican Kickapoo Indians (1956, repr. 1970); A. M. Gibson, The Kickapoos (1963).
Costumes of the Great Lakes Region - http://www.nativetech.org/clothing/regions/region7.html
Sketches of the traditional costumes of the Kickapoo and some of their early neighbors.
Kickapoo (Kikapoo, Kikapu) - http://www.geocities.com/bigorrin/kick.htm
Background information and indexed links about Kickapoo culture, community, history, language, and genealogy.
Sweetness' Wickiup: Native American Genealogy - http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Pointe/1028/
Kickapoo genealogical resources and links from a woman of Kickapoo descent.
The Kickapoo Indian History - http://wvwv.essortment.com/kickapooindian_rjoh.htm
Brief article about the history of the Kickapoo people.
The Texas Kickapoo - http://www.wrightworld.com/html/location/kickapoo/home.html
Photo-essay on the Indian tribe, mingling cultural and historical information with black-and-white artistic photographs.
Kickapoo (Kikapoo, Kikapu) Language - http://www.geocities.com/bigorrin/kick.htm
Page dedicated to the Kickapoo language, also with information and links about Kickapoo culture, history, and genealogy.
Kickapoo Vocabulary - http://216.250.229.70/learning/kickapoo.htm
A Kickapoo vocabulary for sale.
La Lengua Kikap - http://www.sil.org/americas/mexico/algonquina/familia-algonquina.htm
Information and links dealing with the Mexican Algonquian language Kickapoo. Page in both English and Spanish. |
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Native American Nations
