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Who are the Buffalo Soldiers?
Bibliography
The following list provides a good example of the materials published about the Buffalo Soldiers through the years. For the past several years, new articles and books have been published almost every month. Countless on-line resources are also available, focusing on specific areas of Buffalo Soldier history.
Adde, Nick and Leon Coates. "From the 'Buffalo Soldier' to the Astronaut." Air Force Times , 44 (Feb. 27,1984), 35-36.
Adler, Bill, comp. The Black Soldier: From the American Revolution to Vietnam . New York, NY: Morrow, 1971.
Amos, Preston E. Above and Beyond in the West: Black Medal of Honor Winners 1807- 1890 . Washington, D.C.: Potomac Corral, The Westerners, 1974.
Athearn, Robert C. William Tecumseh Sherman and the Settlement of the West . Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1956.
Asyot, Gerald. The Right to Fight, The History of African Americans in the Military . Novato, California; Presidio Press, 1998.
Bailey, Sedell. "Buffalo Soldiers (Black Troops of the 9th and 10th Cavalries)." Armor , LXXXIII (January/February, 1974), 9-12.
Ballinger, James K. Frederic Remington's Southwest . Phoenix, Arizona: Phoenix Art Museum, 1992.
Barth, Chuck. Due Reward, The True Story of the Buffalo Soldiers . Tucson, Arizona: Blue Horse Productions, 1999.
_____. The First Buffalo Soldier: Benjamin Grierson . Tucson, Arizona: Blue Horse Productions, 1997
_____. The Professor: Charles Young . Tucson, Arizona: Blue Horse Productions, 1997
_____. The Journey . Tucson, Arizona: Blue Horse Productions, 1999
_____. Echoes of a Last Stand - Ft. Custer . Tucson, Arizona: Blue Horse Productions, 1999
Branley, Bill. "Black, White & Red: A Story of Black Cavalrymen in the West." Soldiers , 47 (June 1981), 44-48.
Barr, Aluyn. Black Texans: A History of Negroes in Texas 1528-1971 . Austin: Jenkins Publishing Co., 1973.
Barrow, William. "The Buffalo Soldiers: The Negro Cavalry in the West, 1866-1891." Black World , XVI (July 1967), 34-37, 89.
Beck, Warren A. New Mexico: A History of Four Centuries . (4 vols.) New York: Thomas Yoselof, Inc., 1956.
Berlin, Ira, ed. The Black Military Experience . New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1983.
Berthrong, Donald J., The Southern Cheyennes. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1963.
Beyer, Walter F., and Oscar F. Keydel, eds., Deeds of Valor. Detroit: Perrien-Keydel Co., 1903.
Billington, Monroe Lee. "Black Cavalrymen and Apache Indians." Fort Concho and South Plains Journal , XXII, 3 (Summer 1990).
_____. "New Mexicos Buffalo Soldiers". Niwot, Colorado: University of Colorado Press, 1991
_____. "Civilians and Black Soldiers in New Mexico Territory, 1866-1900: A Cross-Cultural Experience." Military History of the Southwest , XIX, 1(1989), 71-82.
_____. New Mexico's Buffalo Soldiers, 1866-1900 . University of Colorado Press, 1991.
Blount, Bertha. "The Apache in the Southwest, 1846-1886." Southwestern Historical Quarterly , XXIII, 1, (July, 1919).
Bourke, John G., An Apache Campaign in the Sierra Madre . New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1886.
Brady, Cyrus T., Indian Fights and Fighters . New York: McClure, Phillips and Co., 1904.
Branley, Bill. "Black, White & Red: A Story of Black Cavalrymen in the West." Soldiers , XXXVI (June, 1981), 46-48.
Brown, D. Alexander, Grierson's Raid . Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1954.
Brown, Mark D. "The Negro in the Indian Wars." Negro History Bulletin , XIV(March, 1951), 142, 144.
Burkey, Elmer R. "The Thornburgh Battle With The Utes On Milk Creek." The Colorado Magazine , XIII, 3 (1936).
Butler, Ron. "The Buffalo Soldier, A Shining Light In The Military History of The American West." Arizona Highways , (March, 1972), 2-10.
Cahill, Luke. "An Indian Campaign and Buffalo Hunting with 'Buffalo Bill,'" The Colorado Magazine , IV, 4 (August, 1927).
Campbell, C.E. "Down Among the Red Men." Collections of the Kansas State Historical Society , XVII (Topeka, 1929).
Carlson, Paul H. "William R. Shafter, Black Troops, and The Opening of the Llano Estacado, 1870-1875." Panhandle-Plains Historical Review , XLVII (1974), 1-18.
Carroll, H. Bailery. "Nolan's Lost Nigger Expedition of 1877." Southwest Historical Quarterly , XLIV (July, 1940).
Carroll, John M., The Black Military Experience in the American West . New York: Liveright, 1972.
_____. Buffalo Soldiers West . Fort Collins: The Old Army Press, 1971.
Carter, Robert B., On the Border With Mackenzie , Washington, D.C.: Eynon Printing Co., 1935.
Casey, Robert J., The Texas Border and Some Borderliners . New York: Bobs-Merrill Co., Inc., 1950.
Cashin, Herschel V., Under Fire with the Tenth U.S. Cavalry . New York: Arno Press, 1969.
_____. et al. Under Fire with the Tenth Cavalry. Review of the Negro's Participation in the Wars of the United States. The Ninth and Tenth Cavalries. Indian Campaigns. Chicago: American Publishing House, 1899.
Ceco Publishing Co., Buffalo Soldiers . Friends Series, Vol. 29, No. 9. Southfield, MI, 1972.
Clarke, Powhatan. "A Hot Trail." The Cosmopolitan , XVII, 6 (Oct., 1894), 706-716.
Clum, John P.. "Geronimo." New Mexico Historical Review , II, 3 (January, 1928); III, 2 (April, 1928); III, 3 (July 1928).
Clum, Woodworth. Apache Agent . Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1936.
Coffman, Edward M. "Army Life on the Frontier, 1865-1898." Military Affairs , XX (Winter, 1956), 193-201.
Coleman, Ronald G. "The Buffalo Soldiers: Guardians of the Uintah Frontier 1886-1901." Utah Historical Quarterly , XLVII,4 (1979), 421-439.
Cook, John R. The Border and the Buffalo . Topeka, Kansas: Crane and Co., 1907.
Cornish, Dudley Taylor. The Sable Arm; Black Troops in the Union Army, 1861 - 1865 . Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 1987.
Cox, Clinton, The Forgotten Heroes; the Story of the Buffalo Soldiers . New York, NY: Scholastic Inc., 1993.
Cullum, George W. Biographical Register of Officers and Graduates of the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, 1802-1867 . New York: D. Van Nostrand, 1868.
Custer, Elizabeth B.,Following the Guidon . New York: Harper and Brothers, 1890.
_____. Tenting on the Plains . New York: C.L. Webster and Co., 1887.
Crawford, Samuel J. Kansas in the Sixties . Chicago: A.C. McClurg and Co., 1911.
Crimmins, Colonel M.L. "Shafter's Explorations In West Texas." West Texas Historical Association Yearbook , IX (October, 1933).
_____. "Captain Nolan's Lost Troop On The Staked Plains." West Texas Historical Association Yearbook, X (October, 1934).
_____. "Fort McKavett, Texas." Southwestern Historical Quarterly, XXXVIII,1 (July, 1934).
David, Fay and Crane, Elaine, eds. The Black Soldier: From the American Revolution to Vietnam. New York: William Morrow & Co., 1971.
Davis, Britton. The Truth About Geronimo. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1929.
Davis, Theodore R. "A Summer on the Plains." Harper's Monthly Magazine, XXXVI (February, 1868).
Davison, Michael S. "The Negro as Fighting Man." Crisis, LXXVI, 2 (1969), 67-71.
Day, James M. and Dorman Winfrey, eds. Texas Indian Papers, 1860-1916. 4 vols. Austin: Texas State Library, 1961.
Dobak, William A. "Black Regulars Speak." Panhandle-Plains Historical Review, XLVII (1974), 19-27.
Donaldson, Gary, The History of African-Americans in the Military. Malabar, FL: Krieger Publishing Co., 1991
Doran, Thomas F. "Kansas Sixty Years Ago." Collections of the Kansas State Historical Society, XV (Topeka, 1923).
Dorst, Captain Joseph "Ranald Slidell Mackenzie." Cavalry Journal, X (December, 1897).
Downey, Fairfax, The Buffalo Soldiers in the Indian Wars. New York: McGraw Hill, 1969
_____. Indian Fighting Army. New York: 1941.
Dunlay, Thomas W. Wolves for the Blue Soldiers: Indian Scouts and Auxiliaries with the United States Army, 1860-90. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1982.
Dunn, J.P., Jr. Massacres of the Mountains . New York: Archer House, Inc., 1886.
Dupuy, R. Ernest and Trevor N. Military Heritage of America . New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., 1956.
Eastman, Elaine G. Pratt, the Red Man's Moses . Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1935.
Emmett, Chris, Fort Union and the Winning of the Southwest . Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1965.
Emmitt, Robert, The Last War Trail: The Utes and the Settlement of Colorado . Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1954.
Flipper, Henry O. Negro Frontiersman . El Paso: Texas Western College Press, 1963.
_____. The Western Memoirs of Henry O. Flipper 1878-1916 . El Paso: Texas Western College Press, 1963.
Foner, Jack D. Blacks and the Military in American History . New York: Praeger, 1974.
Foreman, Grant. Fort Gibson: A Brief History. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1936.
Forsyth, George A. "A Frontier Fight." Harper's Monthly Magazine , XCI (June, 1895).
Fowler, Arlen L. The Black Infantry in the West, 1869-1891 . Westport, CT: Greenwood Pub. Corp., 1971.
Frazer, Robert W. Forts of the West . Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1965.
Ganoe, William A. The History of the United States Army . New York: D. Appleton and Co., 1924.
Gard, Wayne. Frontier Justice . Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1949.
Garfield, Marvin "Defense of the Kansas Frontier, 1864-1865." The Kansas Historical Quarterly , I, 2 (February, 1932).
_____. "Defense of the Kansas Frontier, 1866-1867." The Kansas Historical Quarterly , I, 4 (August, 1932).
_____. "Defense of the Kansas Frontier, 1868-1869." The Kansas Historical Quarterly , I, 5 (November, 1932).
Garret, Pat F. The Authentic Life of Billy the Kid. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1954.
Gibson, A.M. The Kickapoos . Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1963.
Gibson, Joe A. Forts and Treasure Trails of West Texas . San Angelo: Educator, 1969.
Glass, Edward L.N., ed. History of the Tenth Cavalry, 1866-1921. Ft. Collins: The Old Army Press, 1972.
Godfrey, Brigadier General E.S. "Some Reminiscences, Including an Account of General Sully's Expedition Against the Southern Plains Indians, 1868." Cavalry Journal, XXXVI (July, 1927).
_____. "Some Reminiscences, Including the Washita Battle, November 29, 1868." Cavalry Journal, XXXVII, 153 (October, 1928).
Grant, Ben O. "Life in Old Fort Griffin." West Texas Historical Association Yearbook, X (October, 1934).
Greene, Robert Ewell, Black Defenders of America, 1775-1973. Chicago: Johnson Publishing Co., 1974.
_____. The Early Life of Col. Charles Young 1864-1889. Washington D.C.: 1973.
Griffin, Louis George,III and John M. Carroll, Buffalo Soldiers West. Fort Collins, CO: Old Army Press, 1971.
Grinnell, George B. The Fighting Cheyennes. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1956.
Guthrie, Chaplain James M. Camp-Fires of the Afro-American or, The Colored Man as a Patriot. Philadelphia: Afro-American Pub. Co., 1899.
Haley, J. Evetts "The Comanchero Trade." Southwestern Historical Quarterly, XXXVIII, 3 (January, 1935).
_____. Fort Concho and the Texas Frontier. San Angelo, Texas: San Angelo Standard-Times, 1952.
Hamlin, William Lee, The True Story of Billy the Kid. Caldwell, Idaho: Caxton Printers, 1959.
Hanson, Irvin W. 101 Frederic Remington Drawings of the Old West. Willmar: Color Press, 1968.
Hart, Herbert M. Old Forts of the Southwest. New York: Bonanza Books, 1964.
Hazen, General William B. "Some Corrections of Life on the Plains." Chronicles of Oklahoma, III, 4 (December, 1925).
Herr, John K. and Edward S. Wallace, The Story of the U.S. Cavalry. Boston: Little, Brown, 1953.
Hewett, Jaxon. "The Bookish Black at Wild Horse Arroyo: How the Folsom Man Came to Light." New Mexico Magazine (Winter, 1977), 20-24.
Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, Army Life in a Black Regiment. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1960.
Hinton, Harwood P. Jr. "John Simpson Chisum, 1877-1884." New Mexico Historical Review, XXXI, 3, 4 (July, 1956).
Hodge, Larry D. "Fort McKavett Portrays Life on the Texas Frontier." Texas Highways, (February, 1991), 46-49.
Hollar, William Eugene, Frontier Violence: Another Look, New York: Oxford University Press, 1974.
Howe, Jerome W. "Campaigning In Mexico, 1916." Arizona Pioneers Historical Society (1968).
Hyde, George E. A Sioux Chronicle. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1956.
Hutcheson, Grote. "The Ninth Regiment of Cavalry." Journal of Military Service Institution of the United States, Vol XIII (1892), 215-224.
Hutton, Paul Andrew, ed. Soldiers West: Biographies from the Military Frontier. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1987.
Jackson, Jesse, A Social History of the Tenth Cavalry, 1931-1941. Fort Leavenworth, KS: US Army Command and General Staff College, 1975.
Jacobs, Captain Richard T. "Military Reminiscences of Captain Richard T. Jacobs." Chronicles of Oklahoma, II (March, 1924).
Jenness, George B. "The Battle on Beaver Creek." Transactions of the Kansas State Historical Society, IX (Topeka, 1906).
Johnson, Barry C. Flipper's Dismissal: The Ruin of Lt. Henry O. Flipper, U.S.A., First Colored Graduate of West Point. London: Privately printed, 1980.
Johnson, Edward A. Negro Race in America from 1619 to 1899 (A School History . New York: Isaac Goldman Co., 1891.
Johnson, Harry, Buffalo Soldiers: The Formation of the Ninth Cavalry Regiment, July 1866-1867. Fort Leavenworth, KS: U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, 1991.
Johnson, Jesse J., ed. Black Armed Forces Officers, 1736-1971 (A Documented Pictorial History). Hampton, VA, 1971.
_____. A Pictorial History of Black Soldiers (1619-1969) In Peace and War. Hampton, VA, 1970.
Katz, William Loren, The Black West. New York: Putnam, 1967.
Keefe, IV, Mark A.,"The Buffalo Soldier Rides Forever." American Rifleman, (October 1992).
Keim, De Benneville R. Sheridan's Troopers on the Borders: A Winter Campaign on the Plains. Philadelphia: D. McKay, 1885.
Keleher, William A. Violence in Lincoln County. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1957.
Kelly, Tom. "Heroes of Plains Garner Yet Another Honor." The Washington Times, (Sept. 15, 1991).
King, James T. War Eagle: A Life of General Eugene A. Carr. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1963.
Kleber, John E., ed. The Kentucky Encyclopedia. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 1992.
Knapp, George E. "Buffalo Soldiers, 1866 Through 1890." Military Review (July, 1992), 65-71.
Leckie, William H. The Buffalo Soldiers, A Narrative of the Negro Cavalry in the West. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1967.
_____. The Military Conquest of the Southern Plains. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1963.
Leckie, William H. and Shirley A. Leckie, Unlikely Warriors: General Benjamin H. Grierson and His Family. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1984.
Lee, Irwin, Negro Medal of Honor. New York: Dodd Mead, 1967.
Libby, O.B., ed. "The Arikara Narrative of the Campaign Against the Hostile Dakotas, June, 1876." North Dakota Historical Collection, VI (1920).
Litton, Gaston, History of Oklahoma. 4 vols. New York: Lesis Historical Publishing Co., Inc., 1957.
Lockwood, Frank E. The Apache Indians. New York: Macmillan Co., 1938.
Longacre, Edward G. "A Philadelphia Aristocrat with the 'Buffalo Soldiers'." Journal of the West, XVIII, 2 (1979), 79-84.
McChristian, Douglas C. "Grierson's Fight at Tinaja de las Palmas: An Episode in the Victoria Campaign." Red River Valley Historical Review, VII,1 (1982), 45-63.
McCracken, Harold, ed. Frederic Remington's Own West. New York: Dial Press, 1960.
McMiller, Anita Williams, Buffalo Soldiers: The Formation of the Tenth Cavalry Regiment from September, 1866 to August, 1867. Fort Leavenworth: U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, 1990.
Mayhall, Mildred, The Kiowas. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1962.
Merritt, Wesley. "Three Indian Campaigns." Harper's New Monthly Magazine (April, 1890).
Miller, Robert H. Reflections of a Black Cowboy, Book Two: The Buffalo Soldiers. Silver Burdett Press, 1991.
Miles, Donna. "They Ranged the Old West as Buffalo Soldiers." Soldiers (July, 1990).
Miles, General Nelson A. Personal Recollections of General Nelson A. Miles. Chicago: Werner Co., 1896.
Miles, Susan. "Fort Concho, In 1877." West Texas Historical Association Yearbook, XXXV (October, 1959).
Montgomery, Mrs. Frank C. "Fort Wallace and Its Relation to the Frontier." Collections of the Kansas State Historical Society, XVII (Topeka, 1928).
Murray, Robert A. "The United States Army in the Aftermath of the Johnson County Invasion: April through November 1892." Annals of Wyoming, XXXVIII, 1 (April, 1966).
Myres, Sandra, ed.,Cavalry Wife, The Diary of Eveline M. Alexander, 1866-1867. College Station, Texas: Texas A.&M University Press, 1980.
Nalty, Bernard C. Strength for the Fight: A History of Black Americans in the Military. New York: Free Press, 1986.
Nalty, Bernard C. and Morris J. MacGregor. Blacks in the Military: Essential Documents. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources, 1981.
Nolan, Frederick W. The Life and Death of John Henry Tunstall. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1965.
Nunn, Curtis, W. "Eighty-Six Hours Without Water On The Texas Plains." Southwestern Historical Quarterly, XLIII (January, 1940).
Nye, Wilbur S., ed. Carbine and Lance, The Story of Old Fort Sill. Revised and Enlarged Centennial Edition. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1983.
Ogle, Ralph. "Federal Control of the Western Apaches." New Mexico Historical Review, XIV, 4 (October, 1939); XV, 1 (January, 1940); XV, 2 (April, 1940); XV, 3 (July, 1940).
Opler, Morris E., and Catherine H. "Mescalero Apache History in the Southwest." New Mexico Historical Review, XXV, 1 (January, 1950).
Perry, Lieutenant Alex W. "The Ninth United States Cavalry In The Sioux Campaign of 1890." Journal of U.S. Cavalry Association, IV (1891), 37-40.
Phisterer, Frederick, Statistical Record of the Armies of the United States. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1883.
Place, Marian T. Rifles and War Bonnets. New York: Ives Washburn Co., 1968.
Ploski, Harry A. and James Williams, eds. Reference Library of Black America. Volume III. Gale Research Inc. for Afro-American Press, 1990.
Porter, Kenneth Wiggins, The Negro on the American Frontier. New York: Arno Press and The New York Times, 1971.
_____. "Negroes And Indians On The Texas Frontier." Southwestern Historical Quarterly, LIII (October, 1949). Also Journal of Negro History, XLI, (July, 1956), 185-214 and LI, (Oct. 1956), 285-310.
_____. "The Seminole Negro-Indian Scouts, 1870-1881." Southwestern Historical Quarterly, LVI, 3 (January, 1952).
Pratt, Richard H. "Some Indian Experiences." Cavalry Journal, XVI (December, 1906).
Reddick, L.D. "The Negro Policy of the United States Army, 1775-1945." The Journal of Negro History, XXXIV, 1 (January, 1949).
Reef, Catherine. "Buffalo Soldiers." New York: 21st Century Books/Henry Holt & Company, 1993
Reeve, Frank D., ed. "Frederick E. Phelps: A Soldier's Memoirs." New Mexico Historical Review, XXV.
Remington, Frederic, Besieged By The Utes." Century Magazine (October, 1891).
_____. "Oklahoma." Harper's Weekly (March 28, 1885).
_____. "A Scout With the Buffalo Soldiers." Century Magazine (April, 1889). Note: reprinted in Pacific Historian, XII, 2 (1968), 25-39.
_____. "Two Gallant Young Cavalrymen." Harper's Weekly (March 22, 1890).
_____. "Vagabonding With The 10th Horse." Cosmopolitan, XXII, 4 (February, 1897).
Richardson, Rupert N. The Comanche Barrier to South Plains Settlement. Glendale: Arthur H. Clark Co., 1933.
Rickey, Don, Jr.. "An Indian Wars Combat Record." By Valor and By Arms, The Journal of American Military History, II,1 (Fall 1975).
_____. Forty Miles a Day on Beans and Hay. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1963.
Rister, Carl C.. "Colonel A.W. Evans' Christmas Day Indian Fight (1868)." Chronicles of Oklahoma, XVI (September, 1938).
_____. "Fort Griffin." West Texas Historical Association Yearbook, I (June, 1925).
_____. Land Hunger: David L. Payne and the Oklahoma Boomers. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1956.
_____. The Southwestern Frontier, 1865-1881. Cleveland: Arthur H. Clark Co., 1928.
Rodenbough, Theodore F. The Tenth Regiment of Cavalry. New York: Maynard, Merill and Co., 1896.
Rodenbough, Theodore F. and William L. Haskin, eds. The Army of the United States. New York: Maynard, Merrill & Co.,1896.
Savage, W. Sherman, Blacks in The West. Westport: Greenwood, 1976.
_____. "The Negro In The Westward Movement." Journal of Negro History, XXV (1940).
_____. "The Role of Negro Soldiers In Protecting The Indian Frontier from Intruders." The Journal of Negro History, XXXVI, 1 (January, 1951).
Schoenberger, Dale T. "The Black Man in the American West." Negro History Bulletin, XXXII (March, 1869), 10.
Schubert, Frank N. "On the Trail of the Buffalo Soldier." Wilmington, Delaware: Scholarly Resources Inc., 1995.
_____. "Black Valor" Wilmington, Delaware: Scholarly Resources Inc., 1997.
Scobee, Barry, Old Fort Davis. San Antonio: Naylor Co., 1947.
Scott, Edward Van Zile, The Unwept; Black American Soldiers and the Spanish-American War. Montgomery, AL: The Black Belt Press, 1996
Scooler, Albert G. "Cavalry's Last Indian Fight." Armor (Sept.-Oct. 1970), 20-24.
Sheridan, Philip H. Personal Memoirs. 2 vols. New York: Charles L. Webster and Co., 1888.
Sherman, General W.T. Memoirs of General W.T. Sherman. 2 vols. New York: Charles L. Webster and Co., 1892.
Sonnichsen, C.L. The Mescalero Apaches. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1958.
_____. Tularosa: Last of the Frontier West. New York: Devin-Adair Co., 1960.
Spiller, Roger J. "Honoring the Buffalo Soldiers." American Heritage 44 (February-March 1992) 84-5.
Stallard, Patrica Y. Stallard, Glittering Misery: Dependents of the Indian Fighting Army. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1978.
Starr, Michelle. "Buffalo Soldier." Army 31 (January 1981) 41-43.
Steward, T.G. The Colored Regulars in the United States Army, Revolutionary War to 1899. Philadelphia: 1904 |
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Military Chronology
