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Who are the Buffalo Soldiers?
![Buffalo Soldiers - Bibliography](BuffaloSoldierFamily.jpg)
Bibliography
The following list provides a good example of the materials published about the Buffalo Soldiers through the years. For the past several years, new articles and books have been published almost every month. Countless on-line resources are also available, focusing on specific areas of Buffalo Soldier history.
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Adde, Nick and Leon Coates. "From the 'Buffalo Soldier' to the Astronaut." Air Force Times , 44 (Feb. 27,1984), 35-36.
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Adler, Bill, comp. The Black Soldier: From the American Revolution to Vietnam . New York, NY: Morrow, 1971.
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Amos, Preston E. Above and Beyond in the West: Black Medal of Honor Winners 1807- 1890 . Washington, D.C.: Potomac Corral, The Westerners, 1974.
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Athearn, Robert C. William Tecumseh Sherman and the Settlement of the West . Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1956.
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Asyot, Gerald. The Right to Fight, The History of African Americans in the Military . Novato, California; Presidio Press, 1998.
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Bailey, Sedell. "Buffalo Soldiers (Black Troops of the 9th and 10th Cavalries)." Armor , LXXXIII (January/February, 1974), 9-12.
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Ballinger, James K. Frederic Remington's Southwest . Phoenix, Arizona: Phoenix Art Museum, 1992.
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Barth, Chuck. Due Reward, The True Story of the Buffalo Soldiers . Tucson, Arizona: Blue Horse Productions, 1999.
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_____. The First Buffalo Soldier: Benjamin Grierson . Tucson, Arizona: Blue Horse Productions, 1997
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_____. The Professor: Charles Young . Tucson, Arizona: Blue Horse Productions, 1997
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_____. The Journey . Tucson, Arizona: Blue Horse Productions, 1999
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_____. Echoes of a Last Stand - Ft. Custer . Tucson, Arizona: Blue Horse Productions, 1999
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Branley, Bill. "Black, White & Red: A Story of Black Cavalrymen in the West." Soldiers , 47 (June 1981), 44-48.
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Barr, Aluyn. Black Texans: A History of Negroes in Texas 1528-1971 . Austin: Jenkins Publishing Co., 1973.
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Barrow, William. "The Buffalo Soldiers: The Negro Cavalry in the West, 1866-1891." Black World , XVI (July 1967), 34-37, 89.
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Beck, Warren A. New Mexico: A History of Four Centuries . (4 vols.) New York: Thomas Yoselof, Inc., 1956.
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Berlin, Ira, ed. The Black Military Experience . New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1983.
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Berthrong, Donald J., The Southern Cheyennes. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1963.
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Beyer, Walter F., and Oscar F. Keydel, eds., Deeds of Valor. Detroit: Perrien-Keydel Co., 1903.
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Billington, Monroe Lee. "Black Cavalrymen and Apache Indians." Fort Concho and South Plains Journal , XXII, 3 (Summer 1990).
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_____. "New Mexicos Buffalo Soldiers". Niwot, Colorado: University of Colorado Press, 1991
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_____. "Civilians and Black Soldiers in New Mexico Territory, 1866-1900: A Cross-Cultural Experience." Military History of the Southwest , XIX, 1(1989), 71-82.
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_____. New Mexico's Buffalo Soldiers, 1866-1900 . University of Colorado Press, 1991.
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Blount, Bertha. "The Apache in the Southwest, 1846-1886." Southwestern Historical Quarterly , XXIII, 1, (July, 1919).
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Bourke, John G., An Apache Campaign in the Sierra Madre . New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1886.
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Brady, Cyrus T., Indian Fights and Fighters . New York: McClure, Phillips and Co., 1904.
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Branley, Bill. "Black, White & Red: A Story of Black Cavalrymen in the West." Soldiers , XXXVI (June, 1981), 46-48.
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Brown, D. Alexander, Grierson's Raid . Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1954.
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Brown, Mark D. "The Negro in the Indian Wars." Negro History Bulletin , XIV(March, 1951), 142, 144.
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Burkey, Elmer R. "The Thornburgh Battle With The Utes On Milk Creek." The Colorado Magazine , XIII, 3 (1936).
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Butler, Ron. "The Buffalo Soldier, A Shining Light In The Military History of The American West." Arizona Highways , (March, 1972), 2-10.
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Cahill, Luke. "An Indian Campaign and Buffalo Hunting with 'Buffalo Bill,'" The Colorado Magazine , IV, 4 (August, 1927).
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Campbell, C.E. "Down Among the Red Men." Collections of the Kansas State Historical Society , XVII (Topeka, 1929).
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Carlson, Paul H. "William R. Shafter, Black Troops, and The Opening of the Llano Estacado, 1870-1875." Panhandle-Plains Historical Review , XLVII (1974), 1-18.
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Carroll, H. Bailery. "Nolan's Lost Nigger Expedition of 1877." Southwest Historical Quarterly , XLIV (July, 1940).
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Carroll, John M., The Black Military Experience in the American West . New York: Liveright, 1972.
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_____. Buffalo Soldiers West . Fort Collins: The Old Army Press, 1971.
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Carter, Robert B., On the Border With Mackenzie , Washington, D.C.: Eynon Printing Co., 1935.
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Casey, Robert J., The Texas Border and Some Borderliners . New York: Bobs-Merrill Co., Inc., 1950.
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Cashin, Herschel V., Under Fire with the Tenth U.S. Cavalry . New York: Arno Press, 1969.
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_____. et al. Under Fire with the Tenth Cavalry. Review of the Negro's Participation in the Wars of the United States. The Ninth and Tenth Cavalries. Indian Campaigns. Chicago: American Publishing House, 1899.
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Ceco Publishing Co., Buffalo Soldiers . Friends Series, Vol. 29, No. 9. Southfield, MI, 1972.
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Clarke, Powhatan. "A Hot Trail." The Cosmopolitan , XVII, 6 (Oct., 1894), 706-716.
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Clum, John P.. "Geronimo." New Mexico Historical Review , II, 3 (January, 1928); III, 2 (April, 1928); III, 3 (July 1928).
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Clum, Woodworth. Apache Agent . Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1936.
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Coffman, Edward M. "Army Life on the Frontier, 1865-1898." Military Affairs , XX (Winter, 1956), 193-201.
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Coleman, Ronald G. "The Buffalo Soldiers: Guardians of the Uintah Frontier 1886-1901." Utah Historical Quarterly , XLVII,4 (1979), 421-439.
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Cook, John R. The Border and the Buffalo . Topeka, Kansas: Crane and Co., 1907.
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Cornish, Dudley Taylor. The Sable Arm; Black Troops in the Union Army, 1861 - 1865 . Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 1987.
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Cox, Clinton, The Forgotten Heroes; the Story of the Buffalo Soldiers . New York, NY: Scholastic Inc., 1993.
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Cullum, George W. Biographical Register of Officers and Graduates of the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, 1802-1867 . New York: D. Van Nostrand, 1868.
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Custer, Elizabeth B.,Following the Guidon . New York: Harper and Brothers, 1890.
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_____. Tenting on the Plains . New York: C.L. Webster and Co., 1887.
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Crawford, Samuel J. Kansas in the Sixties . Chicago: A.C. McClurg and Co., 1911.
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Crimmins, Colonel M.L. "Shafter's Explorations In West Texas." West Texas Historical Association Yearbook , IX (October, 1933).
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_____. "Captain Nolan's Lost Troop On The Staked Plains." West Texas Historical Association Yearbook, X (October, 1934).
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_____. "Fort McKavett, Texas." Southwestern Historical Quarterly, XXXVIII,1 (July, 1934).
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David, Fay and Crane, Elaine, eds. The Black Soldier: From the American Revolution to Vietnam. New York: William Morrow & Co., 1971.
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Davis, Britton. The Truth About Geronimo. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1929.
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Davis, Theodore R. "A Summer on the Plains." Harper's Monthly Magazine, XXXVI (February, 1868).
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Davison, Michael S. "The Negro as Fighting Man." Crisis, LXXVI, 2 (1969), 67-71.
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Day, James M. and Dorman Winfrey, eds. Texas Indian Papers, 1860-1916. 4 vols. Austin: Texas State Library, 1961.
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Dobak, William A. "Black Regulars Speak." Panhandle-Plains Historical Review, XLVII (1974), 19-27.
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Donaldson, Gary, The History of African-Americans in the Military. Malabar, FL: Krieger Publishing Co., 1991
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Doran, Thomas F. "Kansas Sixty Years Ago." Collections of the Kansas State Historical Society, XV (Topeka, 1923).
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Dorst, Captain Joseph "Ranald Slidell Mackenzie." Cavalry Journal, X (December, 1897).
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Downey, Fairfax, The Buffalo Soldiers in the Indian Wars. New York: McGraw Hill, 1969
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_____. Indian Fighting Army. New York: 1941.
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Dunlay, Thomas W. Wolves for the Blue Soldiers: Indian Scouts and Auxiliaries with the United States Army, 1860-90. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1982.
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Dunn, J.P., Jr. Massacres of the Mountains . New York: Archer House, Inc., 1886.
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Dupuy, R. Ernest and Trevor N. Military Heritage of America . New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., 1956.
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Eastman, Elaine G. Pratt, the Red Man's Moses . Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1935.
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Emmett, Chris, Fort Union and the Winning of the Southwest . Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1965.
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Emmitt, Robert, The Last War Trail: The Utes and the Settlement of Colorado . Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1954.
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Flipper, Henry O. Negro Frontiersman . El Paso: Texas Western College Press, 1963.
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_____. The Western Memoirs of Henry O. Flipper 1878-1916 . El Paso: Texas Western College Press, 1963.
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Foner, Jack D. Blacks and the Military in American History . New York: Praeger, 1974.
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Foreman, Grant. Fort Gibson: A Brief History. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1936.
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Forsyth, George A. "A Frontier Fight." Harper's Monthly Magazine , XCI (June, 1895).
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Fowler, Arlen L. The Black Infantry in the West, 1869-1891 . Westport, CT: Greenwood Pub. Corp., 1971.
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Frazer, Robert W. Forts of the West . Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1965.
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Ganoe, William A. The History of the United States Army . New York: D. Appleton and Co., 1924.
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Gard, Wayne. Frontier Justice . Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1949.
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Garfield, Marvin "Defense of the Kansas Frontier, 1864-1865." The Kansas Historical Quarterly , I, 2 (February, 1932).
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_____. "Defense of the Kansas Frontier, 1866-1867." The Kansas Historical Quarterly , I, 4 (August, 1932).
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_____. "Defense of the Kansas Frontier, 1868-1869." The Kansas Historical Quarterly , I, 5 (November, 1932).
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Garret, Pat F. The Authentic Life of Billy the Kid. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1954.
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Gibson, A.M. The Kickapoos . Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1963.
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Gibson, Joe A. Forts and Treasure Trails of West Texas . San Angelo: Educator, 1969.
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Glass, Edward L.N., ed. History of the Tenth Cavalry, 1866-1921. Ft. Collins: The Old Army Press, 1972.
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Godfrey, Brigadier General E.S. "Some Reminiscences, Including an Account of General Sully's Expedition Against the Southern Plains Indians, 1868." Cavalry Journal, XXXVI (July, 1927).
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_____. "Some Reminiscences, Including the Washita Battle, November 29, 1868." Cavalry Journal, XXXVII, 153 (October, 1928).
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Grant, Ben O. "Life in Old Fort Griffin." West Texas Historical Association Yearbook, X (October, 1934).
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Greene, Robert Ewell, Black Defenders of America, 1775-1973. Chicago: Johnson Publishing Co., 1974.
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_____. The Early Life of Col. Charles Young 1864-1889. Washington D.C.: 1973.
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Griffin, Louis George,III and John M. Carroll, Buffalo Soldiers West. Fort Collins, CO: Old Army Press, 1971.
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Grinnell, George B. The Fighting Cheyennes. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1956.
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Guthrie, Chaplain James M. Camp-Fires of the Afro-American or, The Colored Man as a Patriot. Philadelphia: Afro-American Pub. Co., 1899.
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Haley, J. Evetts "The Comanchero Trade." Southwestern Historical Quarterly, XXXVIII, 3 (January, 1935).
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_____. Fort Concho and the Texas Frontier. San Angelo, Texas: San Angelo Standard-Times, 1952.
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Hamlin, William Lee, The True Story of Billy the Kid. Caldwell, Idaho: Caxton Printers, 1959.
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Hanson, Irvin W. 101 Frederic Remington Drawings of the Old West. Willmar: Color Press, 1968.
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Hart, Herbert M. Old Forts of the Southwest. New York: Bonanza Books, 1964.
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Hazen, General William B. "Some Corrections of Life on the Plains." Chronicles of Oklahoma, III, 4 (December, 1925).
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Herr, John K. and Edward S. Wallace, The Story of the U.S. Cavalry. Boston: Little, Brown, 1953.
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Hewett, Jaxon. "The Bookish Black at Wild Horse Arroyo: How the Folsom Man Came to Light." New Mexico Magazine (Winter, 1977), 20-24.
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Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, Army Life in a Black Regiment. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1960.
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Hinton, Harwood P. Jr. "John Simpson Chisum, 1877-1884." New Mexico Historical Review, XXXI, 3, 4 (July, 1956).
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Hodge, Larry D. "Fort McKavett Portrays Life on the Texas Frontier." Texas Highways, (February, 1991), 46-49.
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Hollar, William Eugene, Frontier Violence: Another Look, New York: Oxford University Press, 1974.
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Howe, Jerome W. "Campaigning In Mexico, 1916." Arizona Pioneers Historical Society (1968).
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Hyde, George E. A Sioux Chronicle. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1956.
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Hutcheson, Grote. "The Ninth Regiment of Cavalry." Journal of Military Service Institution of the United States, Vol XIII (1892), 215-224.
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Hutton, Paul Andrew, ed. Soldiers West: Biographies from the Military Frontier. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1987.
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Jackson, Jesse, A Social History of the Tenth Cavalry, 1931-1941. Fort Leavenworth, KS: US Army Command and General Staff College, 1975.
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Jacobs, Captain Richard T. "Military Reminiscences of Captain Richard T. Jacobs." Chronicles of Oklahoma, II (March, 1924).
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Jenness, George B. "The Battle on Beaver Creek." Transactions of the Kansas State Historical Society, IX (Topeka, 1906).
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Johnson, Barry C. Flipper's Dismissal: The Ruin of Lt. Henry O. Flipper, U.S.A., First Colored Graduate of West Point. London: Privately printed, 1980.
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Johnson, Edward A. Negro Race in America from 1619 to 1899 (A School History . New York: Isaac Goldman Co., 1891.
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Johnson, Harry, Buffalo Soldiers: The Formation of the Ninth Cavalry Regiment, July 1866-1867. Fort Leavenworth, KS: U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, 1991.
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Johnson, Jesse J., ed. Black Armed Forces Officers, 1736-1971 (A Documented Pictorial History). Hampton, VA, 1971.
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_____. A Pictorial History of Black Soldiers (1619-1969) In Peace and War. Hampton, VA, 1970.
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Katz, William Loren, The Black West. New York: Putnam, 1967.
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Keefe, IV, Mark A.,"The Buffalo Soldier Rides Forever." American Rifleman, (October 1992).
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Keim, De Benneville R. Sheridan's Troopers on the Borders: A Winter Campaign on the Plains. Philadelphia: D. McKay, 1885.
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Keleher, William A. Violence in Lincoln County. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1957.
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Kelly, Tom. "Heroes of Plains Garner Yet Another Honor." The Washington Times, (Sept. 15, 1991).
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King, James T. War Eagle: A Life of General Eugene A. Carr. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1963.
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Kleber, John E., ed. The Kentucky Encyclopedia. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 1992.
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Knapp, George E. "Buffalo Soldiers, 1866 Through 1890." Military Review (July, 1992), 65-71.
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Leckie, William H. The Buffalo Soldiers, A Narrative of the Negro Cavalry in the West. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1967.
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_____. The Military Conquest of the Southern Plains. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1963.
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Leckie, William H. and Shirley A. Leckie, Unlikely Warriors: General Benjamin H. Grierson and His Family. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1984.
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Lee, Irwin, Negro Medal of Honor. New York: Dodd Mead, 1967.
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Libby, O.B., ed. "The Arikara Narrative of the Campaign Against the Hostile Dakotas, June, 1876." North Dakota Historical Collection, VI (1920).
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Litton, Gaston, History of Oklahoma. 4 vols. New York: Lesis Historical Publishing Co., Inc., 1957.
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Lockwood, Frank E. The Apache Indians. New York: Macmillan Co., 1938.
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Longacre, Edward G. "A Philadelphia Aristocrat with the 'Buffalo Soldiers'." Journal of the West, XVIII, 2 (1979), 79-84.
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McChristian, Douglas C. "Grierson's Fight at Tinaja de las Palmas: An Episode in the Victoria Campaign." Red River Valley Historical Review, VII,1 (1982), 45-63.
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McCracken, Harold, ed. Frederic Remington's Own West. New York: Dial Press, 1960.
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McMiller, Anita Williams, Buffalo Soldiers: The Formation of the Tenth Cavalry Regiment from September, 1866 to August, 1867. Fort Leavenworth: U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, 1990.
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Mayhall, Mildred, The Kiowas. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1962.
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Merritt, Wesley. "Three Indian Campaigns." Harper's New Monthly Magazine (April, 1890).
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Miller, Robert H. Reflections of a Black Cowboy, Book Two: The Buffalo Soldiers. Silver Burdett Press, 1991.
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Miles, Donna. "They Ranged the Old West as Buffalo Soldiers." Soldiers (July, 1990).
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Miles, General Nelson A. Personal Recollections of General Nelson A. Miles. Chicago: Werner Co., 1896.
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Miles, Susan. "Fort Concho, In 1877." West Texas Historical Association Yearbook, XXXV (October, 1959).
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Montgomery, Mrs. Frank C. "Fort Wallace and Its Relation to the Frontier." Collections of the Kansas State Historical Society, XVII (Topeka, 1928).
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Murray, Robert A. "The United States Army in the Aftermath of the Johnson County Invasion: April through November 1892." Annals of Wyoming, XXXVIII, 1 (April, 1966).
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Myres, Sandra, ed.,Cavalry Wife, The Diary of Eveline M. Alexander, 1866-1867. College Station, Texas: Texas A.&M University Press, 1980.
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Nalty, Bernard C. Strength for the Fight: A History of Black Americans in the Military. New York: Free Press, 1986.
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Nalty, Bernard C. and Morris J. MacGregor. Blacks in the Military: Essential Documents. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources, 1981.
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Nolan, Frederick W. The Life and Death of John Henry Tunstall. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1965.
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Nunn, Curtis, W. "Eighty-Six Hours Without Water On The Texas Plains." Southwestern Historical Quarterly, XLIII (January, 1940).
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Nye, Wilbur S., ed. Carbine and Lance, The Story of Old Fort Sill. Revised and Enlarged Centennial Edition. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1983.
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Ogle, Ralph. "Federal Control of the Western Apaches." New Mexico Historical Review, XIV, 4 (October, 1939); XV, 1 (January, 1940); XV, 2 (April, 1940); XV, 3 (July, 1940).
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Opler, Morris E., and Catherine H. "Mescalero Apache History in the Southwest." New Mexico Historical Review, XXV, 1 (January, 1950).
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Perry, Lieutenant Alex W. "The Ninth United States Cavalry In The Sioux Campaign of 1890." Journal of U.S. Cavalry Association, IV (1891), 37-40.
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Phisterer, Frederick, Statistical Record of the Armies of the United States. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1883.
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