Cristobal Colon

CRISTOBAL COLON

Other views of the CRISTOBAL COLON:
Chart of hits ||| Awash after the Battle of Santiago ||| Colon's Officers on Deck

GENERAL:

On paper the most fearsome vessel in Admiral Cervera's fleet, CRISTOBAL COLON was the only authentic Spanish armored cruiser. Extensively armored, she was the best cruiser in the Spanish fleet, but the 254 mm main guns were never installed because a conflict with Armstrong. Colon had many sisterships: GIUSSEPPE GARIBALDI, VARESE and FRANCESCO FERRUCIO of Italy, GENERAL GARIBALDI, GENERAL SAN MARTIN, GENERAL BELGRANO and GENERAL PUYRREDON of Argentina, and KASUGA and NISSHIN of Japan. She was lost in the Battle of Santiago.

BACKGROUND:

CRISTOBAL COLON was the third ship out of Santiago Bay on July 3rd, 1898. She took advantage of the confusion of battle and her speed, and for a while it appeared she may escape. Soon, however, the COLON's fireboxes had used up the last of her high-grade Cardiff coal and when the stokers were forced to switch to inferior coal obtained in Cuba her speed dropped off dramaticly. The COLON's commander, Capitán de Navío Emilio Díaz Moreu, also made a serious tactical error, hugging the coastline instead of heading for the open sea. Just before 2 PM the American fleet came within firing range and the Captain, declining a fight, turned his undamaged ship for the rocks, opened the sea cocks to scuddle the ship, and hauled down his flag. He was about 75 miles west of Santiago. An American salvage crew quickly went aboard, but later that evening the inexplicable decision was made to tow the CRISTOBAL COLON off the rocks although watertight integrity had not been restored. She quickly capsized and sank, a total loss.

ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES:

The CRISTOBAL COLON was modern and speedy, almost brand new and the finest Armored Cruiser in the Spanish fleet. However, the Ministry of Marine had rejected the 10 inch guns of her main battery and the war broke out before replacements could be obtained. Thus, she sailed for Cuba with wooden dummies in their place, a major disadvantage in battle!

TECHNOTES:

Classification:		Steel Armored Cruiser
Laid down:		1895
Launched:		September, 1896
Completed:		May 1897
Rig:		One military mast
Armament:		Two 25.4 cm (10 inch) Armstrong guns (Not installed)
		Ten 15.2 cm (6 inch) guns
		Six 12.0 cm QF guns
		Ten 57 mm Nordenfeldt QF guns
		Ten 37 mm guns
		Two 22 mm machine guns
		5 torpedo tubes
Contractor:		Cantieri Sestri Ponenti of Ansaldo Shipbuilder, Genoa, Italy
Length:		100 meters
Beam:		18.20 meters
Mean draft:		7.75 meters
Displacement:		6,840 tons
Complement:		543 Officers and Men
		under the command of Capt. Emilio Diaz Moreu.
Engine type:		14,000 hp. engines, twin screw.
Speed:		19.5 knots
Endurance @ 10 knots:		8,300 miles
Armor:		150 mm steel compound side belt, 150 mm turrets, 30 mm deck.

Sources used for this information (see Bibliography for full source list)

Blow, Michael, "A Ship to Remember", New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1992.

Clerk of Joint Committee on Printing, "The Abridgement of Message from the President of the United States to the Two Houses of Congress", Washington: Government Printing Office, 1899. 4 vols. (all are documents relating to the war).

González López, Manuel P., Personal Internet Contact.

Pérez-Reverte, Arturo, "July 3, 1898 - The Ultimate Day for Imperial Spain, The Battle of Santiago" (image of crew in action). The image was sent to us by Federico Iborra.