FRtR > Outlines > American Literature > Early American and Colonial Period to 1776 > Olaudah Equiano (Gustavus Vassa) (c. 1745-c. 1797)

An Outline of American Literature


by Kathryn VanSpanckeren


Early American and Colonial Period to 1776: Olaudah Equiano (Gustavus Vassa) (c. 1745-c. 1797)

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Important black writers like Olaudah Equiano and Jupiter Hammon emerged during the colonial period. Equiano, an Ibo from Niger (West Africa), was the first black in America to write an autobiography, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African (1789). In the book - - an early example of the slave narrative genre -- Equiano gives an account of his native land and the horrors and cruelties of his captivity and enslavement in the West Indies. Equiano, who converted to Christianity, movingly laments his cruel "un-Christian" treatment by Christians -- a sentiment many African-Americans would voice in centuries to come.

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