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The Dutch trading companies had no policy of "colonizing". Usually
they built fortifications on foreign shores, where they placed a
garrison and from there they would trade with the local potentates.
There were a number of reasons for this attitude.
First of all the
push factor was missing:
This company was a trading firm and only interested in colonization in
sofar as it was necessary for the trade. Trading post had to be
protected by soldiers, soldiers had to be fed, so farmers were needed
to provide those things when they could not be provided from the
fatherland.
On March 31, 1624 a ship
carrying settlers left Holland. It was the Nieuw Nederland and aboard
were thirty families who were going to cultivate the land overseas. It was
the first Dutch emigrant ship, and these were the first Dutch immigrants to
North America.
Willem Verhulst was the name of the man who directed this venture.
The Nieuw Nederland anchored near Fort Nassau in the Hudson, at a place
called Maeykans, which means `Home of the Mohicans.' The same year,
1624, another fortress, Fort Orange, was built on the shore not far from there.
In 1625 , eleven years after Fort Nassau was founded, a fort was put up on Manhattan Island and ships brought farmers from Holland who were to supply the food for its garrison. Five farms (bouwerijen) were established on the island to meet the needs of the colony. These farmers were in the service of the company. As soon as the moat surrounding the fort was completed, the fort-to-be was christened Amsterdam after the capital of The Netherlands, and the new town around it, Nieuw Amsterdam, which some time later would be renamed New York City.
A year later Governor Pieter Minuit concluded one of the best deals in history. He bought the whole island from the Indians for sixty guilders about twenty-five dollars worth of merchandise. The Indians had no reason to complain either. They sold a piece of land which was already settled by white men who had never asked their permission to do so. Land ownership probably had a different meaning to them anyway, hunters and fishers that they were. However, the directors of the company were trained merchants, legal-minded men, and before they made Manhattan the strategic center of their New Netherland they wanted things in writing, which they got, and cheaply too at a thousand acres to the dollar. If history would have been a little different, the West India Company now would have been one of the richest real estate holders in the world. But things went differently, the English conquered New Amsterdam and the West India Company went bankrupt.
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