The Third U.S. Volunteer Engineers was part of the First Corps' Third Division. The regiment, one of only three of its type raised during the war, was quite unique in the level of technical ability that was concentrated in the regiment. Only one company of the 3rd saw action, serving in Puerto Rico.
Unit History:
The
unit was authorized by act of Congress on May 11, 1898. On June 6, 1898,
orders were issued indicating that the Third Regiment was placed under
the command of Col. David DuB. Gaillard. Gaillard had entered West Point
in 1884 and had graduated with honors. Later in life, Gaillard would become
the man in charge of digging portions of the Panama Canal, including the
Gantun Lake and Culebra Cut, later called the Gaillard Cut. Initially,
the unit's headquarters were located at 2728 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington
DC.
The men who served under Gaillard were required to be from the south and southwest: Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Kentucky, Tennessee, Missouri, Arkansas, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, The Indian Territories, Oklahoma, New Mexico and Arizona. The unit was ordered to rendezvous at the Jefferson barracks near St. Louis, Missouri, which was somewhat central to the district.
The orders were to recruit men from "every branch of the engineering profession and of mechanical skill. Machinists, steam engineers, blacksmiths, carpenters, plumbers, telegraphers, topographers, draftsmen, photographers, railroad men, riggers, boatmen and those skilled in the use of explosives are especially desired." Applicants had to be between 18 and 45 years of age and "of good character and habits, able-bodied, free from disease" and able to speak English. Single men were preferred, with married men having to obtain special permission from the commanding officer of the regiment in order to join. Officers, such as Gaillard, were to be chosen for their skill in military, civil, electrical, mechanical or topographical engineering and were appointed by the Secretary of War
The regiment was to consist of 1,159 men, 53 of those being officers. Each company was to have 86 men, including three officers. The common private received between $15.60 and $20.40 per month. Corporals made $24 per month, and sergeants $40.80 per month.
The men were to be armed, equipped and drilled as infantry in addition to their engineering duties. The term of enlistment was two years.
Recruiting for the engineers apparently went fairly well, and all three regiments of volunteer engineers were filled by August 20, 1898. However, the war had essentially ended on August 13.
The Third Regiment was sent to Camp Thomas, on the old Chickamauga Civil War Battlefield in Georgia. One company of the 3rd was sent to Puerto Rico as part of the invasion force and saw action around Coamo. However, the majority of the unit remained behind in the U.S. As the threat of disease became more obvious, and disease epidemics broke out, nearly 5,000 of the 43,000 men at Camp Thomas were ill. To improve their health, the Third Division of the First Army Corps was ordered to Lexington, KY on August 21-22, 1898, and this is where the unit remained as of October, 1898. It may have been sent further south as winter approached.
The company which was sent to Puerto Rico was from Florida and under
the command of Maj. J. W. Sackett. Beginning on June 12, the unit began
training in infantry drill, as well as in the construction of pontoon piers,
the unloading of artillery on rafts, etc. On July 10 - 11, 1898, the company
and its pontoon train was loaded onto the transport
LAMPASAS, and by July 20, it was in Cuba. Here, it built and disassembled
a pontoon pier in one day. On July 25, the unit disembarked at Guanica,
where it used its infantry drilling to aid in clearing the town of Spanish
troops. By 1:00 p.m., the unit was relieved of infantry duty and began
the construction of a pier. By 11:00 p.m., the pier was completed an all
of the stock unloaded. On July 30, the unit was transferred to Ponce, and
began bridge building at Coamo and Guayama.
(As a service to our readers, clicking on title in red will take you to that book on Amazon.com):
Clerk of Joint Committee on Printing, The Abridgement of Message from the President of the United States to the Two Houses of Congress. Vol. 3 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1899), 489, 492, 494, 497, 524, 609
Cosmas, Graham A., An Army for Empire : The United States Army in the Spanish American War. (Shippensburg, PA: White Mane Publishing Co., 1993) 127.
Haskin, Frederic J., The Panama Canal. (Garden City: Doubleday,
Page & Co., 1913) 139.
