Until the limber was invented, mobile gun carriages were pulled muzzle-first - with their trails literally trailing on the ground - by a number of horses either in single file or in pairs. Then it was found they travelled better if pulled trail-first, and they did not require the use of sled feet men. A contemporary writer described the change as progress.
Even after the introduction of the limber the methods of moving artillery equipments lived on in some countries, notably England, for many years. Limbers do not appear to have been used in that country before 1663. A single trail wheel came into use about 1650, but was used only on the gun position, not for travelling. It was known as the Hanoverian truck.
The reasons for delay in adopting the limber in England - as well as other new ideas - were threefold: first, the army was generally neglected, as the efficiency of the navy precluded any chance of invasion of the country. Secondly, until 1716 a train of artillery formed at the start of a campaign was disbanded at the end of it, the Gunners discharged, and the equipment returned to store where it lay forgotten until the next war. Finally, there existed an innate conservatism among the Officers, many of whom hated change in any form.
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WL Ruffell Issue 78 June 1993 |
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