Paulinskill Valley Trail (near Dixon Road)
Fredon Township, Sussex County, NJ

Directions:

From New York City, take Route 80 west to Exit 12. Bear right onto Route 521 north. Go one-half mile and turn right onto Route 608 (Silver Lake-Marksboro Road). Travel 5 miles north to Route 94. Turn right on Route 94 and travel ca. 4.2 miles to Fairview Hill Road, on the left, about 1.1 miles north of the Sussex County border. Take Fairview Hill Road about 1.0 mile to a T-intersection with Fredon-Marksboro Road. Turn right, then left in about 0.2 mile on Dixon Road. Parking area will be on left at bottom of hill.

The name Paulins Kill makes reference to Paulina, daughter of a Hessian soldier.

Trail:

You can go either north or south from here along the Paulinskill Valley Trail.

PLANT LIST:
Karl Anderson

Plants noted along Paulinskill Valley Trail during Torrey Botanical Society field trip on August 4, 2001, led by Karl Anderson, from ca. 500 yards northeast of Dixon Road, Fredon Township, Sussex County, N.J., southwest ca. one mile to old railroad mile marker 77. List includes plants outside of trail right-of-way. List compiled by William Standaert.

Nomenclature follows Gleason & Cronquist (1991). Common names from various sources. Some Kartesz equivalents given for clarification. Source: USDA NRCS PLANTS Database.

Var… = unspecified variety. (Vars. Listed in Gleason and Cronquist do not match Kartesz' interpretation).

(Fl.) indicates flowering specimens found.
(Fr.) indicates fruiting specimens found.

Trees:
Acer negundo var. negundo (box elder) (2)
Acer rubrum (red maple) (common)
Acer saccharum var. saccharum (sugar maple) (some)
Ailanthus altissima (tree-of-heaven) (few)
Betula lenta (black birch) (some)
Betula populifolia (gray birch) (few)
Carpinus caroliniana var. virginiana (ironwood) (few)
Carya ovata (shagbark hickory) (2) (Fr.)
Celtis occidentalis (hackberry) (some)
Fagus grandifolia var… (American beech) (few)
Fraxinus americana (white ash) (common)
Fraxinus pensylvanica (green ash) (2) (im. Fr.)
Juglans nigra (black walnut) (2)
Juniperus virginiana var. … (red cedar) (few)
Liriodendron tulipifera (tulip tree) (some)
Pinus strobus (white pine)
Prunus serotina (black cherry)
Quercus alba (white oak) (few)
Sassafras albidum (sassafras) (2)
Tilia americana (basswood)
Tsuga canadensis (eastern hemlock) (some)
Ulmus americana (American elm) (some)

Shrubs and Sub-shrubs:
Berberis thunbergii (Japanese barberry) (some)
Cephalanthus occidentalis var… (buttonbush) (few) (Fl.)
Chimaphila maculata (spotted wintergreen) (1)
Cornus alternifolia (alternate-leaved dogwood) (1 seedling)
Cornus amomum (silky dogwood)
Elaeagnus umbellata (autumn olive) (few)
Euonymus alatus (winged euonymus) (1)
Hamamelis virginiana (witch hazel)
Ilex verticillata var… (winterberry) (2)
Lindera benzoin var. benzoin (spicebush) (few)
Potentilla fruticosa (shrubby cinquefoil) (few)
Rosa multiflora (multiflora rose) (some)
Rubus occidentalis (black raspberry) (some)
Rubus phoenicolasius (wineberry) (few)
Rubus sp. (dewberry) (1)
Salix discolor (pussy willow) (2)
Sambucus canadensis var… (common elder)
Spiraea alba var. latifolia (meadowsweet) (some)
Toxicodendron vernix (poison sumac) (2)
Vaccinium corymbosum (highbush blueberry) (few)
Viburnum prunifolium (black haw) (few)

Vines:
Amphicarpaea bracteata (hog peanut) (common)
Apios americana (groundnut)
Cuscuta sp. (dodder) (1 large patch) (near Fl.)
Dioscorea villosa var. villosa (wild yamroot) (few)
Parthenocissus quinquefolia (Virginia creeper) (few)
Smilax herbacea var. herbacea (carrion flower) (1)
Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans (poison ivy) (few)

Broad-leaved Herbs:
Acalypha rhomboidea (three-seeded mercury) (1) (Fl.)
Achillea millefolium ssp. lanulosa (yarrow) (few)
Actaea alba (white baneberry) (1) (im Fr.)
Agrimonia pubescens (downy agrimony) (few, 1 site) (Fl., im. Fr.)
Alisma subcordatum (small water plantain) (few, 1 site) (Fl.)
Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) (some) (Fl, Fr.)
Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed) (few)
Ambrosia trifida var. trifida (great ragweed)
Anemone virginiana) (thimbleweed) (2, one site) (imm. Fr.)
Anthemis cotula (mayweed ) (1, parking area) (Fl.)
Apocynum sp. (dogbane, Indian hemp) (few)
Aquilegia canadensis (wild columbine) (some, 1 site)
Arabis canadensis (sicklepod) (few, several sites) (imm. Fr.)
Arctium minus (common burdock) (few) (near Fl.?)
Arisaema triphyllum var. triphyllum (jack-in-the-pulpit) (some) (imm. Fr.)
Artemisia vulgaris (mugwort)
Aristolochia serpentaria (Virginia snakeroot) (few, 1 site)
Asclepias syriaca (common milkweed) (1) (Fl.)
Aster cordifolius (heart-leaved aster) (few)
Aster divaricatus var. divaricatus (white wood aster) (some)
Aster sp. (A. macrophyllus? Or A. schreberi?) (big-leaved aster? Or Schreber's A.?) (1 patch)
Bidens cernua (nodding bur-marigold) (some)
Bidens connata (swamp beggar ticks) (common)
Bidens frondosa (beggar ticks) (few)
Boehmeria cylindrica (false nettle) (some) (Fl.)
Caulophyllum thalictroides var. thalictroides (blue cohosh) (few + 1 large patch) (imm. Fr.)
Cerastium vulgatum (mouse-ear chickweed) (some) (Fl., Fr.)
Ceratophyllum demersum (hornwort) (common, pond at parking area)
Chelidonium majus (celandine) (1 patch) (Fl.)
Chrysanthemum leucanthemum (ox-eye daisy) (few) (Fl.)
Cichorium intybus (chicory) (some) (Fl.)
Circaea lutetiana var. canadensis (enchanter's nightshade) (some) (Fr.)
Cirsium arvense (Canada thistle)
Cirsium muticum (swamp thistle) (some) (near Fl.)
Cirsium vulgare (bull thistle) (few)
Collinsonia canadensis (horse balm) (few) (near Fl.)
Commelina communis (Asiatic dayflower) (few) (Fl.)
Corallorhiza maculata (large coralroot) (3, one site) (almost past Fl.)
Cryptotaenia canadensis (honewort) (some) (Fr.)
Daucus carota (wild carrot) (some) (Fl.)
Desmodium glutinosum (pointed-leaved tick-trefoil) (2) (Fl.)
Desmodium nudiflorum (naked-flowered tick-trefoil) (some) (Fl.)
Duchesnea indica (Indian strawberry)
Elodea canadensis (common waterweed) (abundant, pond at parking area)
Epilobium coloratum (not E. ciliatum) (purple-leaved willow-herb) (1) (near Fl.)
Erigeron annuus (daisy fleabane) (few, perhaps more) (Fl.)
Erigeron strigosus var. strigosus (lesser daisy fleabane) (some) (Fl.)
Eupatorium fistulosum (hollow-stemmed Joe-Pye weed) (1)
Eupatorium perfoliatum var. perfoliatum (boneset) (1)
Eupatorium rugosum var. rugosum (white snakeroot) (common) (near Fl.)
Euphorbia maculata (milk purslane) (few, parking area)
Euthamia graminifolia var. nuttallii (grass-leaved goldenrod) (some) (near Fl.)
Fragaria vesca var. americana (woodland strawberry) (1, N. of Dixon Rd.) (Fr.)
Galinsoga quadriradiata (hairy galinsoga) (some) (Fl.)
Galium circaezens var. circaezens (wild licorice) (2) (Fr.)
Galium mollugo var… (wild madder) (some) (Fl., Fr.)
Galium tinctorium var. tinctorium (stiff marsh bedstraw) (2 patches) (Fl., Fr.)
Galium triflorum (sweet-scented bedstraw) (1) (Fl., Fr.)
Geranium maculatum (wild geranium) (few)
Geranium sibiricum (Siberian cranesbill) (few patches, N. of Dixon Rd.) (Fl.)
Geum canadense (white avens) (1, N. of Dixon Rd.) (Fl., imm. Fr.)
Goodyera pubescens (downy rattlesnake-plantain) (few +1 large patch)
Gratiola neglecta (clammy hedge hyssop) (2) (Fl.)
Hackelia virginiana (Virginia stickseed) (some) (Fl., imm. Fr.)
Hepatica americana (round-lobed hepatica)
Hieracium piloselloides (glaucous king devil) (few patches)
Hieracium sp. (caespitosum?) (king devil?) (few)
Hypericum perforatum (common Saint Johnswort) (1) (Fr.)
Hypericum punctatum (spotted Saint Johnswort) (2)
Impatiens capensis (spotted touch-me-not) (common) (Fl.)
Impatiens pallida (pale touch-me-not) (some, 2 sites) (Fl.)
Iris sp. (iris) (1)
Laportea canadensis (wood nettle) (some) (Fl.)
Lemna minor (lesser duckweed) (some, small pool)
Leonurus cardiaca (motherwort) (1, N. of Dixon Rd.) (Fr.)
Lepidium virginicum var. virginicum (pepper grass) (few) (imm. Fr.)
Linaria vulgaris (butter-and-eggs) (few patches) (Fl.)
Lobelia inflata (Indian tobacco) (some) (Fl.)
Ludwigia palustris (water purslane)
Lycopus americanus (cut-leaved water horehound) (few) (Fl.)
Lycopus virginicus (Virginia bugleweed) (few patches) (Fl.)
Lythrum salicaria (purple loosestrife) (few) (Fl.)
Maianthemum canadense var… (Canada mayflower) (few patches)
Malva neglecta (common mallow) (1, N. of Dixon Rd.)
Matricaria matricarioides (pineapple weed) (few, N. of Dixon Rd.)
Medicago lupulina (black medick) (some, parking area) (Fl.)
Mimulus ringens var. ringens (square-stemmed monkeyflower) (some) (Fl.)
Mitchella repens (partridgeberry) (1 patch)
Monarda fistulosa var. fistulosa (wild bergamot) (few) (Fl.)
Monotropa uniflora (Indian pipe) (1 clump) (Fr.)
Nepeta cataria (catnip) (1 patch, N. of Dixon Rd.) (Fl.)
Osmorhiza claytonii (sweet cicely) (some) (Fr.)
Oxalis stricta (yellow wood-sorrel) (some) (Fl., imm. Fr.)
Peltandra virginica (arrow arum)
Penthorum sedoides (ditch stonecrop) (few, 2 sites) (Fr.?)
Physalis longifolia var. subglabrata (smooth ground cherry) (1) (Fl.)
Phytolacca americana (pokeweed) (few) (near Fl.)
Pilea pumila var. pumila (clearweed) (some)
Pimpinella saxifraga (burnet saxifrage) (1) (Fl.)
Plantago lanceolata (English plantain) (some) (Fl., Fr.)
Plantago major (common plantain) (some, parking area) (Fl.)
Polygonatum pubescens (hairy Solomon's seal) (few) (Fr.)
Polygonum arenastrum (dooryard knotweed) (some, parking area) (Fl., Fr.)
Polygonum cespitosum var. longisetum (cespitose knotweed) (some) (Fl., Fr.)
Polygonum hydropiper (water-pepper) (1 small patch) (near Fl.)
Polygonum hydropiperoides var. hydropiperoides (mild water-pepper) (1 small patch) (Fl., Fr.)
Polygonum punctatum var. confertiflorum (dotted smartweed) (few, 2 sites) (Fl., Fr.)
Polygonum sagittatum (arrow-leaved tearthumb) (few) (Fl.)
Polygonum virginianum (jumpseed) (some) (Fl.)
Potentilla argentea (silvery cinquefoil) (some, parking area) (Fl.)
Potentilla simplex (common cinquefoil) (some)
Proserpinaca palustris var. crebra (mermaidweed) (few, 1 site) (near Fl.)
Prunella vulgaris var. lanceolata (self-heal) (some) (Fl.)
Pycnanthemum virginianum (Virginia mountain mint) (1) (near Fl.) 1
Ranunculus recurvatus (hooked crowfoot) (1) (Fr.)
Ranunculus sp. (bulbosus?) (bulbous buttercup?) (few)
Rorippa sylvestris (creeping yellow cress) (some) (Fl., imm. Fr.)
Rudbeckia sp. (coneflower) (Seen only at a distance) (2, one site) (Fl.)
Rumex crispus (curled dock) (few)
Rumex obtusifolius (broad-leaved dock) (few) (Fr.)
Sagittaria latifolia (broad-leaved arrowhead) (some, pond at parking area) (Fl.)
Sanguinaria canadensis (bloodroot) (some)
Sanicula canadensis (Canada snakeroot) (1) (Fr.)
Satureja vulgaris (wild basil) (some) (Fl.)
Scrophularia marilandica (carpenter's square) (1, N. of Dixon Rd.) (Fl.)
Scutellaria lateriflora (mad-dog skullcap) (few patches) (Fl.)
Silene latifolia (white campion) (2) (Fl.)
Sium suave (water parsnip) (1)
Smilacina racemosa (false Solomon's-seal) (few) (Fr.)
Solanum nigrum (black nightshade) (Fl.)
Solidago caesia (blue-stemmed goldenrod) (few)
Solidago canadensis (var. scabra?) (Canada goldenrod) (few)
Solidago juncea (early goldenrod) (few) (Fl.)
Solidago patula var. patula (rough-leaved goldenrod) (few, 1 site)
Solidago rugosa ssp. r. var. rugosa (rough-stemmed goldenrod) (some)
Sonchus asper (spiny sow thistle) (1, N. of Dixon Rd.) (Fl.)
Sparganium sp. (bur-reed) (1 patch)
Spirodela polyrhiza (greater duckweed) (common, muddy pools)
Symplocarpus foetidus (skunk cabbage) (few)
Taraxacum officinale (common dandelion) (few) (Fl., Fr.)
Thalictrum pubescens (tall meadow rue) (few)
Trifolium pratense (red clover) (few) (Fl.)
Trifolium repens (white clover) (some) (Fl.)
Trillium cernuum var... (nodding trillium) (3) (Fr.)
Tussilago farfara (coltsfoot)
Typha angustifolia (narrow-leaved cattail)
Typha latifolia (broad-leaved cattail) (some) (old Fr.)
Uvularia perfoliata (perfoliate bellwort) (few)
Verbena hastata (blue vervain) (few) (Fl.)
Verbena urticifolia var. urticifolia (white vervain) (few) (Fl., imm. Fr.)
Vernonia noveboracensis (New York ironweed) (few) (Fl.)
Veronica anagallis-aquatica (water speedwell) (1, N. of Dixon Rd.) (Fl., imm. Fr.)
Veronica officinalis (common speedwell) (2 small patches)
Viola conspersa (dog violet)
Viola sp. (sororia?) (common blue violet?) (some)
Waldsteinia fragarioides var. fragarioides (barren strawberry) (few, 1 area)
Wolffia punctata (= W. borealis--Kartesz) (dotted wolffia) (few, in sample from muddy pool)

Grasses:
Agrostis gigantea (red-top) (some) (Fr.)
Cinna arundinacea (common wood-reed) (few, 1 site) (near Fl.)
Dactylis glomerata (orchard grass) (some) (Fr.)
Danthonia spicata (common wild oat-grass) (some) (past Fr.)
Digitaria ischaemum (small crabgrass) (few) (near fr.)
Echinochloa crus-galli var. crus-galli (barnyard grass) (few, N. of Dixon Rd.) (Fl.)
Eleusine indica (goose grass) (1, N. of Dixon Rd.) (Fl.)
Elymus canadensis (Canada wild rye) (few, N. of Dixon Rd.) (Fl.)
Elymus hystrix (bottle-brush grass) (some) (Fl.)
Elytrigia repens (quack grass) (few) (Fl.,Fr.)
Eragrostis pilosa var. pilosa (Indian lovegrass) (some, N. of Dixon Rd.) (Fl., Fr.)
Festuca elatior (tall fescue) (1 clump, N. of Dixon Rd.) (Fr.)
Festuca subverticillata (nodding fescue) (few) (Fl.?)
Leersia oryzoides (rice cutgrass) (some) (Fl.)
Leersia virginica (white grass) (common) (Fl.)
Microstegium vimineum (stilt-grass) (common)
Phleum pratense (timothy) (few) (Fr.)
Poa compressa (Canada bluegrass) (some) (Fl.)
Setaria faberi (nodding foxtail) (few, parking area) (Fl.)
Setaria glauca (yellow foxtail) (few, parking area) (Fl.)

Sedges and Rushes:
Carex sp. (Laxiflora group) (sedge) (few)
Carex lurida (sallow sedge) (1 patch) (Fr.)
Carex pensylvanica var. pensylvanica (Pennsylvania sedge)
Carex stricta (tussock sedge) (some)
Carex vulpinoidea var. vulpinoidea (fox sedge)
Cyperus strigosus (straw-colored cyperus) (some) (Fl.)
Juncus tenuis var. tenuis (path rush) (common) (Fr.)
Luzula multiflora (many-flowered woodrush ) (1) (Fr.)
Scirpus atrovirens var. atrovirens (dark green bulrush)
Scirpus cyperinus (woolgrass) (some) (Fl., imm. Fr.)

Ferns and Fern Allies:
Adiantum pedatum (maidenhair fern) (few small patches)
Asplenium platyneuron (ebony spleenwort) (some)
Asplenium rhizophyllum (walking fern) (few large patches)
Asplenium ruta-muraria (wall-rue) (1 + another seen off trail)
Asplenium trichomanes (maidenhair spleenwort) (few large patches)
Athyrium filix-femina var. michauxii (lady fern) (some)
Athyrium thelypteroides (silvery glade fern) (1 patch, N. of Dixon Rd.)
Athyrium pycnocarpon (glade fern) (several patches, N. of Dixon Rd.) (near Fr.)
Botrychium dissectum (cut-leaved grape fern) (some) (near Fr.)
Botrychium matricariaefolium (daisyleaf grape fern ) (1 plant)
Botrychium virginianum (rattlesnake fern) (few)
Cystopteris bulbifera (bulblet fern) (1 patch, N. of Dixon Rd.)
Dennstaedtia punctilobula (hay-scented fern) (some)
Dryopteris carthusiana (spinulose wood fern) (some)
Dryopteris clintoniana (Clinton's wood fern) (few) (Fr.)
Dryopteris cristata (crested wood fern) (some)
Dryopteris goldiana (Goldie's wood fern) (1 patch, N. of Dixon Rd.)
Dryopteris intermedia (evergreen wood fern) (common)
Dryopteris marginalis (marginal wood fern) (2)
Dryopteris x boottii [cristata x intermedia] (Boott's wood fern) (x Fr.) few
Dryopteris x dowellii [clintoniana x intermedia] (hybrid wood fern) (few) (x Fr.)
Dryopteris x triploidea [carthusiana x intermedia] (hybrid wood fern) (Seen by Otto Heck & others) (1)
Equisetum arvense (field horsetail) (some patches)
Equisetum fluviatile (water horsetail) (some, 1 site)
Lycopodium digitatum (southern ground-cedar) (1)
Lycopodium lucidulum (shining clubmoss) (few, 1 site)
Lycopodium hickeyi (Hickey's tree clubmoss) (1 large patch) (Fr.)
Matteuccia struthiopteris (ostrich fern) (1 large patch, N. of Dixon Rd.)
Onoclea sensibilis (sensitive fern) (some)
Osmunda cinnamomea (cinnamon fern) (some)
Osmunda regalis (royal fern) (few)
Polystichum acrostichoides (Christmas fern) (common)
Thelypteris noveboracensis (New York fern) (few)
Thelypteris palustris var. pubescens (marsh fern) (common)
Woodsia obtusa (blunt-lobed woodsia) (very small) (1)