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Pictures of Priest Kangaroos are scarce. They were first used by the
Canadians in Normandy, and later in Italy as well. The photo belows shows
a Priest Kangaroo with British troops in Italy, 1945:
London: Arms and Armour Press, 1969 |
Until now I have only found two sources that contain substantial information about Kangaroos in Italy:
Note: the book
Bloor, Brigadier F.R. (compiler),The Second World War 1939-45. Army: Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers. Volume II - Technical. London: The War Office, 1951, p.242.
"(...) Again during the
winter of 1944-45 the Eight Army Commander required a large number of Personnel
Carriers. The task was carried out mainly as a field workshop commitment
to save time in transporting the tanks to be used for this purpose from
the army area to and from base workshops in Southern Italy.
Two
types of Kangaroo were produced:-
(1)
Conversion
of Priest M.7. - This involved the removal of the 105 mm. Howitzer
and various stowage bins; repositioning of the wireless set; blanking off
the gap left by the removal of the howitzer and mantlet; and increasing
the armour and hull sides to the level of the front superstructure. Suitable
store protection and accommodation for the Infantry to be carried was added,
with facilities for mounting and dismounting, and the vehicles when converted
carried twenty in addition to a crew of two.
(2)
Conversion
of Sherman M4A2 (Mark III). - This again involved the removal of
the armament and the turret, fitting of wireless set, and similar provisions
for carrying personnel which amounted to ten plus crew of two.
Between
October, 1944, and April, 1945, the following conversions were carried
out:
Priest M.7 102
Shermans III 75
the load being divided
between 45 South Africa R. and H. Workshop at Rome, 661 Armoured Troop
Workshops, 664 and 684 Tank Troop Workshops, and the 96th Armoured Brigade
Workshops at Ancona. The actual time allowed for the conversion was usually
the shortest possible with the personnel available, as will be emphasized
by the fact that 52 M.7s were converted in 18 days and 25 Sherman IIIs
in nine days."
Mediterranean Area AFV Technical Report 27 17 April 1945
14. Kangaroo.
"Towards the latter part
of 1944 50 Shermans were converted to infantry Carriers by the removal
of turrets and all interior storage fittings. As a result of experience
in operations with Kangaroo'd Infantry it was decided that a further increase
in the number of machines was necessary but this not to be accomplished
by reducing Sherman tank reserves. An alternative vehicle was looked for
and it eventually found in the Priest (M7). Attached at Appendix
"F" is list of the work completed by 45 South African Workshops during
the conversion to Kangaroo.
A meeting was held at
the South African Workshops to view the prototype M7 Kangaroo and to decide
(1) what alterations
were necessary and
(2) to compare its tactical
value with that of the Sherman Kangaroo.
(1) The following modifications
there deemed necessary:-
(a) The A.A. and M.G.
Mountings should be retained as an automatic weapon and some extra armouring
would be necessary to protect the gunner, who is particularly vulnerable
on his left hand side. The infantry crew should man this weapon.
(b) The wireless set
was originally positioned to the left of the driver and was placed as far
forward as possible in the pannier. This position was considered to be
awkward for the driver and it therefore thought it would be better positioned
on the right where the armour plate had been substituted for the original
105 mm gun and mounting and should be manned by the commander operator.
Three No.19 sets are needed for the Squadron leader's vehicle and two for
each of the troop leaders. In these instances the second set was to be
positioned in the original place, i.e. to the left of the driver.
(c) Collapsible sides
fixed to the top of the existing side armour were thought to be necessary
but if this arrangement was not readily available, the armour plate should
be welded into the same position. A collapsible rear plate considered unnecessary,
as the normal method of dismounting was to be backwards over the engine
hatches which gives the maximum of cover. (d) Extra armour to the left
of the gun turret was thought essential because of the gunner's left hand
side would have been open to direct fire and splash from the front plate.
Ricochets from the inside of the existing A.A. ring would hive also caused
casualties wrong the infantry crew.
(2) This conversion did
not seem to be tactically as satisfactory as the Sherman conversion for
the following reasons.
(a) It has less armour.
(b) Since the lack of
the superstructure leaves an open square space as opposed to the turret
ring of the Sherman, the crew inside the vehicle are more vulnerable to
mortar fire or air burst.
(c) The task of the
commander of the vehicle is likely to prove to be harder since he has no
vision port of his own. Further, the existing driver's vision port is direct
and not periscopic as with the Sherman.
(d) The vehicle itself
is very much more conspicuous.
(e) It is more difficult
to got into and out of.
(f) Although the Priest
conversion can probably hold up to two sections of Infantry as opposed
to one in the Sherman Kangaroo, it is felt that this may be putting too
many eggs in one basket; in addition, this multiple crewing militates against
section manoeuvre. Further the breakdown of a single Priest Kangaroo, either
by mine or other enemy action, may completely throw out the tactical handling
of a platoon in the attack. The Priest Kangaroo not yet been tried out
in battle."
Appendix
F CONVERSION OF PRIEST TO TROOP CARRIER.
"The following items
are removed from inside the hull:-
Left Hand Side.
(1) Seat and bracket
attached to left hand wall.
(2) 19 round ammunition
rack.
(3) Portable fire extinguisher
and bracket.
Right Hand Side.
(1) Seat bracket attached
to right hand wall under AA/MG.
(2) 17 round ammunition
rack.
(3) Portable fire extinguisher
and bracket.
Centre.
(1) 105-mm How complete
with mounting and mantlet; the mounting may be cut off flush at the four
points of attachment and the whole assembly lifted out as a unit.
(2) Folding floor plates
and angle iron supports, it may also be necessary to remove the cover platoon
the rear bulkhead, this should be refitted after the floor has been removed.
(3) Three stowage bins
under floor on either side of propeller shaft.
(4) Water can carrier
attached to RH bin under floor.
(5) AA/MG belt box tray
at front of RH floor bin, together with second water can bracket attached
to it.
The following items are
repositioned:-
(l) Two portable fire
extinguishers - secured to rear bulkhead.
(2) AA/MG folding seat
- attached to lower RH side wall of hull to enable one man to sit on the
right of the gearbox.
(3) Extension filler
on gearbox is reduced to normal length and hole in glacis plate blanked
off by 1/2" armour.
(4) W/T set moved to
the right of the driver to position where gun was.
(5) Rearmost angle iron
support is replaced to secure the lower end of the shield on the engine
bulkhead.
As a result of the above
alterations it will be found possible to accommodate 15 infantrymen in
battle, order, with their rifles, in addition to the driver/W.T. operator.
They are positioned is follows:-
RH side Sitting on plate
over tracks - 5
Centre Sitting on prop.
shaft easing - 4
LH side Sitting m plate
over tracks - 5
On right hand side of
gearbox - l
plus Driver-W/T Operator
1
Total 16
Provision will have to
be made for:-
1. Raising the hull
sides to the same height as the Superstructure at the front of the vehicle.
2. A cover or seat over
the propeller shaft and vehicle batteries."
15. Gun Towers.
"The 72nd A/Tk Regt. R.A. have 8 Sherman gun towers which they found were too powerful and ruthless a method of towing the gun. The driver did not sufficiently feel the bumps and the Mirage to the 17 pdr gun occurred without his knowledge. They now use half-tracks for gun towing and the Sherman gun towers are used as Troop and Battery commander's recce vehicles. On the other hands they say that the cross country performance of the half-track is not quite good enough and that something between this and the Sherman is required. Possibly a light fully tracked vehicle in which the driver could be conscious of the evolutions through which the gun behind him was passing, may be the solution. Alternatively the new ¾ tracked copy of the German Krauss-Maffei may prove suitable."
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